特约教师：张根生
张根生，河南省新密市实验高级中学教师，中学高级教师。中国教师研修网学科指导专家；河南省骨干教师、河南省名师、河南省高中学业水平考试阅卷指导专家；郑州市优秀教师、郑州市教育工作者标兵、郑州市专业技术拔尖人才；新密市领军人才、新密市教育名家。
声明: 文章来自张根生老师分享，作者已授权转载，版权归原作者及原出处所有，如涉及版权等侵权问题，请及时与我们联系进行删除！谢谢！
01
名词考点考情分析
一、近十年高考英语全国卷短文改错题名词考点分类汇总
1
可数名词该用复数形式误用为单数
1. (2019全国卷Ⅰ)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
答案与解析：player→players。all修饰可数名词复数。
2. (2019全国卷II)Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
答案与解析：job→jobs。different修饰可数名词复数。
3. (2019全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
答案与解析：city→cities。many修饰可数名词复数。
4. (2018全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
答案与解析：chicken→chickens。dozens of（许多）修饰可数名词复数，这里chicken是可数名词，意思是“小鸡”。
5. (2018全国卷II)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
答案与解析：sort→sorts。all修饰可数名词复数。
6. (2018全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”
答案与解析：mistake→mistakes。learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well“从课本中学习，也从错误中学习”，textbooks和mistakes都用复数名词表示类别。
7. (2017全国卷Ⅰ)This instructor kept repeating the word “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”
答案与解析：word→words。用复数形式words与后面的“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”是同位关系。
8. (2016全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
答案与解析：year→years。from 13 to 19的年龄当然是复数。
9. (2015全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
答案与解析：parent→parents。从下文After looking at the toy for sometime, he turned around and found that his parents were missing.以及Five minutes later, Tom saw his parents.可以看出Tony是和父母一起去购物中心的,故用parents。
10. (2014全国卷Ⅰ)Since then, for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
答案与解析：year→years。all和these都修饰可数名词的复数。
11. (2014全国卷Ⅱ)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour everyday.
答案与解析：hour→hours。one and a half后跟可数名词复数。one and a half hours=one/an hour and a half一个半小时。
12. (2013全国卷Ⅰ)He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
答案与解析：shoulder→shoulders。一个人有两个肩膀，故用shoulders。
13. (2013全国卷Ⅱ)When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
答案与解析：cup→cups。由后面的handles可知此处用复数形式cups泛指类别。
14. (2012全国卷Ⅰ)From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.
答案与解析：toy→toys。each of后跟可数名词的复数。
15. (2012全国卷Ⅱ)We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it.
答案与解析：animal→animals。用复数名词泛指类别。
16. (2011全国卷Ⅱ)My brother was so fond of the museum there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day.
答案与解析：day→days。a/another couple of后跟可数名词的复数。
17. (2010全国卷Ⅱ)Christie was one of my best friend at high school.
答案与解析：friend→friends。one of后跟可数名词复数。
18. (2010全国卷Ⅱ)Thank to her help, I made great progress in my study.
答案与解析：Thank→Thanks。thanks to（多亏了），是固定搭配。
2
不可数名词误用成复数形式
1. (2017全国卷II)Besides, They often get some useful informations from the Internet.
答案与解析：informations→information。information是不可数名词，无复数形式。
2. (2016全国卷II)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
答案与解析：knowledges→knowledge。knowledge是不可数名词，无复数形式。
3. (2015全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting drier and drier.
答案与解析：airs→air。air(空气）是不可数名词，无复数形式。
4. (2011全国卷Ⅰ)I felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
答案与解析：luggages→luggage。luggage（行李）是不可数名词，无复数形式。
5. (2010全国卷Ⅰ)He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.
答案与解析：advices→advice。advice（建议）是不可数名词，无复数形式。
3
名词的普通格和所有格误用
该用普通格时，误用了所有格，该用所有格时，却误用了普通格。
1. (2018全国卷II)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
答案与解析：Friday’s→Friday。表示时间的名词可直接做定语。
2. (2011全国卷Ⅰ)When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
答案与解析：friend→friend’s。my friend’s我朋友的家。
4
该用名词时，误用成形容词或动词
1. (2019全国卷Ⅰ)To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net.
答案与解析：surprising→surprise。to one’s+名词（表示情感），意为“使某人……的是”。surprising adj. 令人惊奇的；surprise n. 吃惊，惊奇（喜）。
2. (2016全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
答案与解析：honest→honesty。句意“我叔叔告诉我说成功的关键是诚实。这个句子中要用名词作表语，说明主语是什么。honest adj. 诚实的；honesty n. 诚实。
3. (2013全国卷Ⅱ)This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
答案与解析：grow→growth。作介词for的宾语，并且前面有定冠词，因此这里应该用名词growth。
二、近十年高考英语全国卷短文改错题名词考点考情分析
高考英语短文改错名词错误主要是可数名词的复数误用为单数，不可数名词误用为复数形式，也有个别时候把形容词或动词误用为名词的。
名词部分关于可数名词的常考点是：these, those, some,any, many, several, different, both, all, lots of, dozens of, scores of, few, a few, quite a few, a pair of, a couple of, each/one/some/ many of, one and a half等后面必须跟可数名词的复数。常见的复数名词有：looks “外貌”， goods “货物”， thanks “感谢”， wishes/regards “祝愿“， congratulations “祝贺”， clothes “衣服”。下列固定搭配中常用复数可数名词：at times “偶尔”， be on good terms with sb. “与某人关系好”，in high spirits “情绪高涨”，in words “口头上”， make arrangements“安排”， make repairs “修理”，make friends with sb. “与某人交朋友“，make preparations for “为……做准备”， shake hands with sb. “与某人握手”， take turns to do sth. “轮流做某事”，thanks to “多亏了”，Thanks a lot. “多谢”。
常考的不可数名词——人称“雷打不动十大金刚”：advice, news, information, progress, work, fun, weather, music, health, luck。
可以直接作定语的名词：1. 泛指的时间名词，如evening dress, summer holiday, morning paper等。2. 地点名词， 如country music, village people, street lights等。3. 材料名词， 如paper money, gold medal, silk clothes等。4. 分类名词， 如girl friend, boy friend, book store, fruit trees, food factory等。5. 表示整体与部分之间关系的名词，如school gate，cabbage seeds等。
要明确名词的语法功能，即什么时候要用名词：在限定词后、形容词后、及物动词或介词后要使用名词。弄清名词作表语和形容词作表语的区别：名词作表语表示主语是什么，即内容；形容词作表语表示主语怎么样，即性质特征。
02
代词考点考情分析
一、近十年高考英语短文改错题代词考点分类汇总
1
人称代词误用人称
1. (2018全国卷II)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
答案与解析：us→me。结合上下文应该是他们对“我”说。
2. (2012全国卷Ⅰ)I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
答案与解析：it→them。这里代指toys，故用them。
3. (2012全国卷Ⅱ)Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water.
答案与解析：we→they。这里代指many countries，故用they。
4. (2011全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.
答案与解析：them→us。句意为“多谢你领我们参观了你们城市，并为我们提供美餐”，故用us。
5. (2010全国卷Ⅱ)Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.
答案与解析：him→her。代词指代要一致，句意为“在她离开前，我为她准备了礼物，向她表达美好的祝愿”。
2
物主代词误用人称
1. (2017全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案与解析：your→my。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“这幅画常常使我回想起高中的快乐”。
2. (2016全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
答案与解析：our→his。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“叔叔说他从没梦想暴富，而是希望他的生意稳步发展”。
3. (2016全国卷II)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
答案与解析：your→our。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“如果我们能到国外旅行，我们就能开阔视野，得到在书本上学不到的东西”。
4. (2015全国卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.
答案与解析：your→our。本句的错误是代词指代不一致，句意为“我们必须找到保护环境的办法”，这里指保护我们的环境。
3
反身代词误用人称
1. (2019全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
答案与解析：yourself→themselves。customers是第三人称复数，故反身代词用themselves。
2. (2018全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.
答案与解析：myself→my。此处应该用形容词性的物主代词作定语，修饰homework。
3. (2016全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
答案与解析：yourself→myself。此句中反身代词时强调主语本人，主语是第一人称单数I，故用myself。
4. (2013全国卷Ⅰ)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.
答案与解析：himself→him。本句中which代指先行词voice，在定语从句中作主语，set的宾语是him，不能用反身代词。
4
不定代词之间的误用
1. (2018全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks and another animals.
答案与解析：another→other。与dogs, ducks并列的animals必须是复数，another不能修饰复数名词，故改为other。
2. (2017全国卷II)Mr. And Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
答案与解析：all→both。张先生和张太太是两个人，表示两个都用both。
3. (2016全国卷II)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
答案与解析：many→much。表示花费多，代指不可数名词钱数，用much。
4. (2015全国卷Ⅰ)Much rare animals are dying out.
答案与解析：Much→Many。修饰可数名词的复数animals，故用many。
5. (2014全国卷Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.
答案与解析：much→many。这里代指前面的复数名词fruits，故用many。
6. (2014全国卷Ⅱ)We don’t need to do so many homework.
答案与解析：many→much。修饰不可数名词homework，故用much。
5
连接代词和关系代词的误用
1. (2019全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案与解析：what→that/which。此处应该用关系代词引导限制性定语从句从，关系代词在定语从句中作主语。
2. (2017全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
答案与解析：they→which/that。句意为“在这张照片中，我周围都是当时对我来说非常重要的东西：汽车杂志和乐器”。根据句意，先行词things后面跟的是定语从句，应该用关系代词引导。
3. (2013全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.
答案与解析：that→which。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故改为关系代词which。
4. (2012全国卷Ⅰ)But before long they began to see which was happening.
答案与解析：which→what。句意为“不久他们就开始去看在发生什么事情”，未知的、无范围的东西，一律用连接代词what来引导名词性从句。
6
There be句型中There误用为人称代词主格
1. (2019全国卷II)They were two reasons for the decision.
答案与解析：They→There。表示有没有，要用存在句，也就是there be句型。
2. (2014全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
答案与解析：They→There。表示有没有，要用存在句，也就是there be句型。
7
多一代词
1. (2019全国卷I) From then on, I studied to play my football with classmates after school.
答案与解析：去掉my。play football踢足球，是固定短语。
2. (2018全国卷III)I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
答案与解析：删除that。这里是动词不定式短语作系表结构的宾语，不需要连接词。
8
少一代词
1. (2016全国卷Ⅲ)At last I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever meed help.
答案与解析：need前加I。whenever应到的状语从句缺少主语，根据上下文可知“每当我需要帮助时，我仍然希望有父母可以求助”，故在need前加I。
2.(2015全国卷Ⅱ)Five minute later, Tom saw parents.
答案与解析：parents前加his。句意“五分钟后，汤姆看到了他父亲”。
3. (2012全国卷I)For a while, parents bought me new toys.
答案与解析：parents前加my。句意“一会儿，父母给我买了新玩具”，这里特指我的父母。
4. (2012全国卷II)I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving.
答案与解析：opinion前加my。句意“我写信是要告诉你我对节约用水的建议”，这里特指我的建议。
5. (2010全国卷I)So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.
答案与解析：they前加what。句意“因此，如果他们所说的话属实，我就会有获奖的机会”。条件状语从句if they had said was true中what they had said是主语从句，what是连接代词，引导主语从句，在主语从句中作said的宾语。
二、近十年高考英语短文改错题代词考点考情分析
高考英语短文改错代词考点错词类型有：
1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的误用，主要是指代关系的错误。解题时要正确划分句子结构，理清逻辑关系。
2. 不定代词的错误。要掌握几组常考不定代词的用法，如many, much; few, a few, little, a little; another, other, others;all, both; one, no one; either, neither等。
3. 关系代词和连接代词的误用。解题时要分清定语从句和名词性从句，名词性从句重点区别what和which；定语从句中要掌握不同关系词的用法。
4. there be句型的误用，把there误用为they。解题时要看懂句意，只要是表示“有没有”，就是存在句，要用there be句型。
多代词的情况：往往是一些固定带配种名词前不需要任何限定词，却加上了物主代词。如：play football“踢足球”， lose heart“灰心”，by hand “用手，靠人力”等。
少代词的情况：主要是在一些名词前缺少形容词性的物主代词或指示代词，造成句意表达不清，名词性从句缺连接代词等。解题时要弄清句子结构，确定人物关系。
Tip
高中英语研究中心自成立运营以来，一直坚持为英语教师们做免费的知识分享，一直坚持邀请名师进行独一无二的内容创作！
各类课程设计，课件，教学知识，都是我们邀请的名师一字一句在键盘上敲出来的！
同为老师，大家应该也都有感悟：这个世界上最无价的就是知识！
所以，希望屏幕前想要这份资料的老师们能够尊重知识，尊重原创，尊重名师们的劳动成果和分享，有偿付费2.99 元获取这份高考英语短文改错题之名词和代词考点考情分析。
获取方式如下：
联系客服
