单位:上海长征医院呼吸与危重症医学科
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ARDS相关概念
急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是在严重感染、休克、创伤及烧伤等非心源性疾病过程中,肺毛细血管内皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞损伤造成弥漫性肺间质及肺泡水肿,导致的急性低氧性呼吸功能不全或衰竭。
2012年ARDS柏林诊断标准为:①1周以内起病、或新发、或恶化的呼吸系统症状;②双肺浸润影,不能完全由渗出、肺塌陷或结节来解释;③不能完全由心衰或容量过负荷解释的呼吸衰竭,没有发现危险因素时可行心超等检查排除血流源性肺水肿;④氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)≤300 mmHg:轻度(PaO2/FiO2 200~300 mmHg,PEEP或CPAP≥5 cmH2O),中度(PaO2/FiO2 100~200 mmHg,PEEP≥5 cmH2O),重度(PaO2/FiO2≤100 mmHg,PEEP≥5 cmH2O)。
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ARDS的异质性
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ARDS个体化机械通气策略
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ARDS预防策略
[1] Wilson J G, Calfee C S. ARDS Subphenotypes: Understanding a Heterogeneous Syndrome[J]. Crit Care, 2020, 24(1):102.
[2] Lorente J A, Cardinal F P, Munoz D, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with and without diffuse alveolar damage: an autopsy study[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2015, 41(11):1921-1930.
[3] Matthay M A, Arabi Y M, Siegel E R, et al. Phenotypes and personalized medicine in the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Intensive Care Med. 2020, 46(12):2136-2152.
[4] Calfee C S, Delucchi K, Polly E P, et al. Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials[J]. Lancet, 2014, 2(8):611-620.
[5] Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky A S. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment[J]. JAMA, 2018, 319(7):698-710.
[6] Pelosi P, Ball L, Barbas CSV, et al. Personalized mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome[J]. Crit Care, 2021, 25(1):250.
[7] Hadaya J, Benharash P. Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)[J]. JAMA, 2020, 324(13):1361.
[8] Combes A, Pesenti A, Ranieri V M. Is Extracorporeal Circulation the Future of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Management?[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9):1161-1170.
[9] Katherine D W, Daniel F M, Joseph E L. Promises and challenges of personalized medicine to guide ARDS therapy[J]. Crit Care, 2021, 25(1):404.
[10] Yadav H, Thompson B T, Gajic O. Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome a Preventable Disease?[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(6):725-736.
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