填空练习（1）
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an __1__ （ A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation）
【答案】 D
【解析】 本题考查词汇知识。上文的career有提示作用。D. occupation指“职业”，符合句意，故为正确答案。
（职业）should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. 该句意思是“在高中选择课程之前，应该决定将来从事的职业” Actually, __2_ _（ A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查考生对语义逻辑的识别能力。上一句与该句之间表达的是转折关系。因此，A为正确答案。）, most people make several job choices during their working lives, __3__because of economic and industrial changes( A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. his答案为C。“许多人做出多种职业选择，部分原因是……”，因为选择工作除了大形势的变化，还有个人的诸多原因，所以需填入partly。) and partly to improve __4__ position. (A. its B. his C. our D. their答案为D。前面讲到的是most people，因此需使用第三人称复数的物主代词。) The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should __5__( A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever)【答案】 B
【解析】 本题考查逻辑关系。根据句意，因为不存在“完美的工作”，所以“年轻人需要参加广泛灵活的培训课程”。此处是因果关系。) enter into a broad flexible training program that will __6__( A. make B. fit C. take D. leave答案为B。该句意思是：“灵活的培训计划可以使他们适应某个领域的工作，而不是单一的一份工作。”) them for a field of work rather than for a single __7__ .( A.job B.way C.means D. company, 与前面的a field of work相对应的只有job,故选A)
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans __8__ (A. to B. for C. without D. with答案为C，根据上下文需填入without) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing __9__ (A. little B. few C. much D. a lot答案为A。该句意思是，“由于不了解职业领域，所以他们……”。) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss(随意的)__10__( A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity答案为B。on a … basis是一个词组，表示“以……为基础”。). Some drift from job to job. Others __11__( A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn答案为C。stick to表示“一直从事某项工作”；apply to表示“把……用于”；appeal to指“求助于”。)
to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for __12__( A. our B. its C. your D. their答案为B。occupation为单数，需填入its相对于occupation。) real or imagined prestige(威信、威望).Too many high-school students – or their parents for them – choose the professional field, __13__ (A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding答案为D。根据上下文，该句意为“不管专业人员的需求很少和对从业人员教育和个人素质的高要求”，应填入disregarding) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal __14__.( A. preferences B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions答案为B。应填requirements（要求）。)The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a White-collar’ job is __15__ (A. a B. any C. no D. the答案为C。按上下文的意思，需用不定词no，表示“某一职业或者所谓的白领职业在人们心目中想象的或事实上的荣誉和地位，并不是选择这一职业作为终身职业的充分理由”。)good reason for choosing it as life’s work. __16__, (A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover答案为D。后面一句与前一句是递进关系，需填入moreover（再者，此外）。)these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the __17__( A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude答案为A。在此指“大多数年轻人”。)of young people should give serious __18__ (A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal答案为C。对这些领域的工作应该慎重考虑，所以用consideration。) to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants __19__ (A. towards B. against C. out of D. without答案为C。该句意思是“从生活中得到什么，应该有一个大概的想法”。) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take __20__( A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks答案为D。其他人为了获得赢利愿意冒险所以填入risks，与前面的security形成对比。) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
填空练习（2）
An interesting theory in economics is demonstrated by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales potential in the __1__ (A. world B. global C. worldly D. globe答案选A，globe 地球仪) market. The representative of an American company __2__(A. walked B. went C. left D. made 答案选B) to visit the tribe and __3__ （A. strained B. wrote C. wired D. tried 答案选D, A, 竭尽努力做；B, 写；C, 用金属线联结） to make a good business deal. He __4__ （A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told 答案选B） to the Head Man and __5__( A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. claimed 答案选A) that his company would like to __6__(A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make 答案选A) several thousand pieces. Undoubtedly, he said, the business __7__（ A. treaty B. matter C. pact D. deal 答案为D, A, C 意为条约、契约或公约；B意为实情、物质；D意为贸易、交易） would be profitable to the __8__ （A. country B. company C. tribe D. Americans 答案选C）. After some thought the Head Man __9__（A. disagreed B. agreed C. refused D. received 答案选B）, but announced that the price per __10__ (A. head B. piece C. each D. dollar 答案选B) would be higher on such a __11__ (A. small B. big C. vast D. high 答案选B) order than it would be if __12__ (A. certainly B. stronger C. only D. more 答案选C，意思为假如) a small order were placed. The representative was __13__ (A. greater B. less C. strongerD. more 答案为D，more than a little意为十分、非常) than a little shocked __14__（A. from B. of C. at D. with 答案选C, shocked at 是固定搭配） the business sense of the Head Man __15__,（ A. who B. then. C that D. therefore 答案为B）insisted that the price should be __16__( A. lower B. little C. higher D. raised 答案为A)because of the large volume, and __17__ (A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet答案为C) not higher. “No,” replied the Head of tribe __18__ (A. hopelessly B. happily C. stubbornly D. willingly 答案为C, stubbornly 意为倔强、不退让) . “But why not?” asked the American. “Because __19__ （A. that B. it C. what D. willingly 答案为B, 在句中 it充当形式主语）is so tiresome to make the __20__（ A. some B. different C. any D. same 答案为D, 因为定冠词只能和same 搭配合适。）article over and over.” Answered the Head Man.
填空练习（3）
The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. 1 （A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore答案为A, 因为本句后半句有明显的让步转折，而不是因果关系。） these wide modem roads are generally smooth and well maintained, with 2 （A. little B. few C. much D. many 答案为B, 高速公路上不可能有很多的急转弯，little, much, 用于不可数名词。）sharp curves and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most 3 （A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正确答案为C enjoyable） one. Large highways often, pass by scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally 4 （A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate 答案为B。） large urban centers which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic during rush hours, 5 （A. when B. for C. but D. that 答案为A ,此句中的从句应该是非限定性定语从句,只有when可以引导.)the " fast, direct "way becomes a very slow route.
However, there is almost always another route to take 6 (A. unless B. if C. as D. since 根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确答案.) you are not in a hurry. Not far from the relatively "new" super-highways, there are often older, 7 （A. and B. less C. more D. or 答案为B.根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级，故可排除A和D。另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less，因为“more heavily traveled”意为“车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识不符。）heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside.
Some of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads 8 （A. driving B. crossing C. curving D. traveling 答案为C.弯弯曲曲地穿过乡村） through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns 9 (A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied 答案为A，用lie 表示方为应用主动语态，locate, situate 用被动语态 laying 和laid是lay的现在和过去分词根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由此可猜测句义为“位于深谷中的城镇”，“位于”lie是不及物动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，故正确答案为lie的现在分词形式lying。)in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a 10 （A. space B. period C. chance D. spot 答案为C）to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
填空练习（4）
Nearly all our food comes from the soil. Some of us eat meat, of course; but animals live 1 （A. off B. in C. on D. for 答案为C , live on 为固定搭配，以某物为生。）plants. If there were no plants, we would have no animals and no meat. So the soil is necessary for life.
The top of the ground is usually covered 2 （A. with B. beneath C. before D. over 答案为A，be cover with sth. 表示为某物覆盖。） grass or other plants. There may be dead leaves and dead plants on the grass. Plants grow in soil, which has a dark colour. This dark soil is humus.（腐殖质） Humus contains materials 3 （A. take B. taking C. took D. taken 答案为D, be taken from sth. 源自于某物。） from dead plants, and the waste matter（排泄物）from animals also falls on it. This gives it its color. The 4 （A. soil B. crash C. meat D. property 答案为A） under the humus is not dark. This lighter soil is rather like sand; it is made of bits of rock.
Heat makes rocks, like other things 5 ,（A. save B. expend C. expand D. rush, 答案为C, 热胀冷缩） and cold makes them contract. They expand and contract in summer and winter, on hot days and cold days: so they are often broken. Bits fall off. Sometimes, too, rain water 6 （A. rum B. ran C. runs D. running 答案为C,）into a space in a bit of rock. Then, on a cold day, the water freezes. When water freezes, it expands. The ice takes 7 （A. on B. up C. down D. out 答案为B, take up 意为占据。Take on 流行、受欢迎；take down 从高处取下；take out 取出） more space than the water, and this may also break the rock.
The roots of trees sometimes grow into the spaces in rocks, and as they grow they press the rock apart, like the ice. This pressure breaks the rock 8 . （A, well B. there C. too D. here 答案为C。）
The bits of rock lie on the ground, or under it, and they form soil of a kind; but it is very bad soil. 9 (A. alive B. died C. dying D. dead 答案为D dead 为形容词。) plants and waste material from animals make it better, and slowly change it 10 （A. with B. after C. into D. upon 答案为C, change something into sth. 是某物变成某物。） humus; but this takes a long time. When the humus has been formed, plants can grow well in it.
填空练习（5）
Why do we laugh? For years scientists have asked themselves this question. No other animals laugh and smile, 1（A. also B. only C. even D. or 答案：B. only 解析：only—without anyone or anything else; alone单独地，没有其它别的事物；独自地。Just—(not fm)merely; only只，仅仅（不会同时出现）） human beings, so does laughter help us to survive in any way? The answer seems to be that smiling and laughter help us to 2 , （A. rejoice B. excite C. relax D. comfort答案：C. relax后面reducing tension暗示。解析：A. rejoice—To feel joyful; be delighted高兴感到高兴；充满喜悦；B,excite 使人感到兴奋、激动；D, comfort 安慰、使人感到舒服。）reducing tension and preventing illnesses which are caused by stress. Laughter really is the best 3 （A. medicine B. expression C. activity D. behavior. 答案为A. medicine 前面illness提示。） But if you're unhappy, it can' t do you any good to smile, can it? Not true. Apparently, the positive effects of smiling are just the same whether you feel like smiling or not. Scientists in California 4 （A. asked B. ordered C. inquired D. persuaded答案：A. asked ask sb. to do解析：C. inquire（of, about）询问;（into）调查。）a group of actors to act five different feelings: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise and fun just using their faces. Changes in their heart 5 ,（ A.disease B. attack C. rate D. beat答案：C. rate下一行有相同词组。解析：D. beat要用复数形式）blood pressure and temperature were written down. Most of the feelings they acted didn' t cause changes, but, when the actors smiled their heart rate and their blood pressure went down. 6 （A, This B. These C. Which D. The one 答案：A. This
解析：This和 that均用作指示代词，指前面表达过的想法。当“名词+and+名词”结构表示一种事物或一种概念时，为单数。上一句中their heart rate and their blood pressure指的是身体状况，为单数。其它如：
Fish and chips is a popular supper.
Trial and error is the source of knowledge. ）
happened even though they were only acting! So even if we feel sad inside, smiling seems to make us feel 7 （A. happier B.nicer C. luckier D. better答案：D. better 解析：根据上文可知讲的是身体状。）A sense of humor also helps to keep things in perspective (in perspective比例正确keep things in perspective正确对待.) Interfering friends or a flat tire won' t seem quite so bad 8 （A. that B. if C. unless D. before答案：B. if 解析：。） you can see the funny side. So if you find yourself in a stressful situation, try to imagine how it must seem to an outsider 9 （A. as B. for C. about D. with答案：D. with
解析：an outsider with a sense of humor有幽默感的局外人）a sense of humor and let yourself giggle. A psychologist writes, "If people try to show a positive reaction instead of a negative one, this will eventually become part of 10 （A. their B. your C. one' s D. whose答案：A. their 指代people解析：in time—within an indefinite time; eventually最终e.g.：In time they came to accept the harsh facts.他们最终承认了严酷的事实。）personality. If you start to laugh, in time you will become happier.
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填空练习（6）填空练习（6）
It must have been after two o' clock in the morning when the last guests__1___ (A. awaited B. asked C. begged D. took ,答案为D, take leave 意为道别)their leave, and although we had enjoyed their company, my wife and I were quite thankful to shut the door__2___ （ A. for B. on C. behind D. before; 答案为C。）them.
We left all the dirty dishes and glasses as they were, and, after opening a few windows to let some fresh air in and the smell of stale__ 3._( A. wine B. tobacco C. food D. tea ；答案为B, stale---having lost freshness） out, we climbed into bed and fell asleep.
I couldn’t' t have been asleep for more than half an hour when I awoke with a strong smell of smoke in_ 4._ (A. my nostrils B.the lounge C. our kitchen D. the outside" 答案为A，意为鼻孔。) Still half asleep, I staggered（蹒跚，摇摇晃晃into the lounge, and there, through （5. A. dense B. numerous C. large D. tiny；答案为A, dense意为浓密的。）clouds of smoke, I saw that one of the curtains was on fire. I should have closed the windows then without delay, but（ 6. A. once more B. this time C. again D. instead; 答案为D。）I tried to beat out the fires with a folded newspaper. When this failed I hastened into the kitchen to（7. A. get B. grip C. fetch D. grab；答案为D,） a bucket and filled it with water. At the same time, I shouted to Barbara, who hurriedly dialled 999 to summon(召唤，传唤) the fire brigade （消防队）(8. A. without B. before C. in D. after；答案为B, ) coming to my aid. We had to work at top speed carrying buckets of water from the kitchen to prevent the fires fanned ( fan a fire, 扇火) by the breeze from the windows, from (9. A. spreading B. stretching C. extending D. expanding; 答案为A ，被从窗子吹进的风扇起的火, A. spreading [spread—vi. to distribute widely广泛地散布；蔓延; B. stretch—vt./vi. to reach or put forth; extend伸出；伸展;
C. extend—vt./vi. to stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length延伸或扩展（某物）到较大程度或最大长度;
D. expand—vt./vi. To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge扩大，增加尺寸、体积、数量或范围。) We were unable to put out the fire but we managed to keep it partially in check (在控制中)until the arrival of the（10. A. doctors B. firemen C. neighbors D. helpers；答案为B ） Fortunately, they arrived promptly and they had little difficulty in putting out the flames.
填空练习（7）
Having passed what we considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We made (设法到达某处)towards the left of he cliff where the going （路面条件）was better, though rather steeper. Here we found little snow, as 1 of it seemed to have been blown off ( 被吹下了山) the mountain.（1. A. more B. some C. most D. many; 答案为C）. There was no 2 of the mountains in the distance where clouds were forming all around us.（ 2. A. view B. vision C. scene D. outlook 答案为A A, view [Field of vision视野（开阔—一览无余）：
The aircraft has disappeared from view. The view is cut off by the next building.
B. vision [Something that is or has been seen视像（美好—一见钟情）：
The lady was a lovely vision. The lake, in the morning mist, is a vision.
C. scene [Something seen by a viewer景色（立身—因人而异）：
The boats in the harbor make a beautiful scene. The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
E. outlook [The view seen from a certain place景致（处世—因地而异）：
Seen from the top of the hill, the town is a pleasant outlook. The tower has a pleasant outlook on/over the sea. 答案为A)
About three o' clock, a storm came up 3 ( 3. A. suddenly B. gradually C. regularly D. constantly 答案为 A. suddenly ，come up出现).
. We might have noticed its approach, 4 （ 4. A. even though B. but C. if D. until答案为 B. but 转折。cut step找捷径，抄近路）we were concentrating on cutting steps and before we had time 5 anything,（5. A. to make B. to do C. for making D. for doing 答案为 B. to do 要采取措施）we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and 6 wait without any movement. （6. A. would B. should C. had to D. might，答案为C. had to 客观情况要求）
After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do something to avoid 7 to death.（ 7 A. frozen B. freezing C. being frozen D. to be frozen 答案为C. avoid后doing，被冻）We managed to climb to a place where we could dig out a platform 8 our tent（帐篷） could be set up.（8 A. of which B. in which C. on which D. from which，答案为 C. which= platform平台）We started to cut away the ice. At first, my companion seemed to regard the situation 9 hopeless,（ 9. A. as B. to be C. like D. for 答案为A. as [regard as]） but gradually the wind died away and he cheered up when at last we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as best as we could. We 10 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep feeling that we were lucky to be still alive. （ 10 A. crawled B. leapt C. crushed D. depressed 答案为A. crawled 爬行；B. leap跳跃C.crush压碎 D. depress重压）
填空练习（8）
Most Americans don' t like to get advice from members of their family. When they need 1 （1，A. advice B. ideas C. suggestions D. them 答案为 A, 根据上句）, they don't usually ask people they know. Instead many Americans write letters2 newspapers and magazines which give advice on many different subjects, （2 A. about B. to C. for D. of 答案为B. to write to） 3
（3 A. as B. including C. with D. namely 答案为 B. including） family problems, sex, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and how to buy a house or a car.
Most 4 regularly print letters from readers with problems.（ 4 A. newspapers B. Americans C. authors D. people 答案为 A. newspapers） Along with the letters there are answers written by people 5 are supposed to know how to solve such problems. （5 A. they B. who C. often D. really 答案为 B. who）Some of these writers are doctors; others are lawyers or educators. 6 （6 A. But B. And C. Moreover D. Besides 答案为 A. But ） two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 7 for this kind of work. （ 7 A. training B. talent C. knowledge D. ability 答案为 A. training 上句列举专家，下一句experience） One of them answers letters addressed to "Dear Abby". The other is addressed as "Dear Ann Landers". Experience is their preparation 8 giving advice. （8 A.by B.of C.for D.in 答案为C. for， prepare for ）
There is one writer who hasn't lived long enough to have much experience. She is a girl named Angel Cavalieve, who 9 writing advice for newspaper readers at the age of ten. （ 9 A. stopped B. kept C. started D. didn' t start，答案为C. started，at the age of ten） 10 （10 A. Her B. The C. This D. Giving，答案为 A. Her ，Philadelphia Bulletin费城公报） advice to young readers now appears regularly in the Philadelphia Bulletin in a column called DEAR ANGEL.
填空练习（9）
Schools 1 considered places to prepare young people for life. （ A. are used to be B. are used to being C. used to be D. used to being 答案为C. used to be；）used to do意思是过去常常做某事，例句：He used to read books for an hour every day.他过去常常每天阅读一小时（表示现在不这样做了）
be used to doing 意思是习惯做某事。例句：He is used to reading books for an hour every day.他已经习惯每天阅读一小时了（现在还这样做）
be used to do被用作......，The box is used to contain books.这个箱子是用来装书的（这个be used是use的被动形式）
After their education 2 （ 2 A. were finished B. was ended C. was concluded D. was finished , 答案为D. was finished ） they were supposed to be ready to go out into the real world. But many adults these days 3 （3. A. have come B. came C. come D. are coming 答案为 D. are coming ，these days现在, 目前）back to "schools of going on education" and "centers of lifelong learning." They 4 （4. A. feel B. guess C. recognize D. suppose 答案为 C. recognize 认识到…的合理性或真实性；其余三项“不确定”）that one' s education is never completely ended,because one is never too old to learn.
A fast growing number of 5 （5. A. older B. old C. eldest D. oldest 答案为A. older）students are helping schools that once ignored their needs. Filling empty seats in classroom from Maine to Hawaii, students who are twenty-five and older are having a great 6 （6. A. effect B. result C. outcome D. consequence 答案为 A. effect ，~ on …产生影响；其余“结果“） on all fields of higher education.All in all(从各方面来说), there are 17 million of them. Programs 7 courses offered by high schools, local governments, federal agencies, and private groups. （7. A. containing B. include C. including D. contain 答案为 B. include，include—To take in as a part, an element, or a member.作为一部分、成分或成员而包括，强调“部分” The list included his name.；D. contain—To have as component parts包括或由…构成，着重“全体”：The album contains many memorable songs.courses，根据句子结构，空白处应该是谓语动词，C项也不符合）But it is 8 thelevel where effects are the greatest. （ 8. A. in B. on C. for D. at 答案为 D. at ~ level在层次上。译文：不过，问题在于哪种水平效果最佳。level常用搭配：studying at the graduate level研究生阶段的学习 the government organs at all levels各级政府机关；a platform at knee level齐膝的平台 The garden is arranged on two levels. 花园分两层。on the level诚实地，直率地；It 在本句中暗代上句，属于“非确指”用法，意义视上下文而定：How’s it going with you? 你近况如何？） Educators say the registration of older students is caused by a 9 （9. A. growing B. grow C. raising D. lifting 答案为 A. growing 分词作定语：增长的,发展的） feeling of Americans that education is a lifelong effort. It has provided new variety as well as needed 10 （10. A. collars B. dollars C. callers D. colors 答案为 B. dollars 译文：对于传统对象为十几、二十左右的年轻人的学校来讲，招收大龄学生不仅提供了必需的资金，也提供了多样性。 It 指代上文registration of older students.） to schools traditionally intended for students in their teens and early twenties.
填空练习（10）
Teaching is 1 ( 1 A. compared B. supposed C. ordered D. praised 答案为B，supposed 意义：firmly believed; expected坚信的；期望中的
译文：人们认为，教学应该是专业的活动，不仅需要文凭，更需要长期综合训练。
解析：A. compared 常见用法：
compare … with …将一物与另一物比较
The police compared the forged signature with the original. 警察将伪造的签名与原来的作比较。
compare with比得上(多用否定)
Walking can't compare with flying. 走路比不上飞行。
compare to显出相同之处；比作
Man's life is often compared to a candle.人生常被喻为蜡烛。）
to be a professional activity requiring long and 2 training as well as official certificate（2.A.complete . B，complicated C.complicate D. complex 考点答案为：B. complicated 意义：not easy to understand or analyze难于理解或分析的：D. complex： composed of two or more units由两个或多个单元组成的）
The act of teaching is looked 3 as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. (译文：教学行为被看作是一个知识流从一个较高的来源到一个空的容器的流动。)
(3. A. upon B. up C. to D. out 答案为A, look upon as=regard as; 解析：look after照料；look back回想；停滞不前
look down on轻视；look up to尊敬；look on/upon as看作
look forward to盼望；look for寻找；期待
look in（地点）/on（人物）顺便看望look out当心；挑选出look over翻阅，浏览 look up好转：Things are looking up!
查找：You can look up its usage in this dictionary)
The students' role is one of receiving information; the teacher's role is one of sending 4 .（4. A. them B. it C. the container D. source 考点答案为：B. it指代information 解析：of的同位关系—前者等同与（或代表）后者the city of Rome；the name of James；a man of ability能干的人；three pieces of meat；five of us；the hero of heroes最杰出的英雄. 译文：学生的角色就是接受知识，教师的作用是传授知识。）There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know (and therefore not capable of being wrong) and 5 usually younger person who is supposed not to know. （5. A. the teacher B. the students C. other D. another ,从上面one可知，答案为 D. another ， 译文：假定一个看似知识丰富的人和另一个看似知识欠缺的人（通常是年轻人）之间，有一个明显的差别。）However, teaching need not be the 6 of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. （6. A. province
B. capital C. power D. work答案为 A. province，学术<学识>的领域、范围。译文：然而，教育不一定局限于一部分特别人群的专长，也不必被视为一种特殊技能。）
Teaching can be 7 （7. A. very B. almost C. more D. a little；答案为 C. more，根据下文than, more like…than 结构，意为与其说是…不如说是那样，或者更像…而不像） like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. 8 you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone.
（8.A. Before B. If C. Unless D. However；答案为 B. If，译文：教育应该更像一种引导和辅助手段，让信息流向一颗无知的心。如果你有某种技能，就应该和他人分享。）You do not have to get 9 to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. （9. A. accepted B. surely C. certified D. admired ；答案为 C. certified有保证的，具有证明文件的get后面跟过去分词表示状态，排除B，从词义上A. accepted，可接受的；B. surely肯定地D. admired 你不一定要拥有了某种证书才去教授你所学的知识，或者帮助他人努力自学。 ）
10 (10， A. Some B. A few C. Most D. All 答案为.D. All. )of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge of skill.
（译文：我们所有的人，从社会中的儿童到老人，都需要认识到自己的教育天赋和当老师的能力。我们要把所学的知识，尽管很少，但至少还是有的，与需要那些知识或技能的其他人共同分享。）
辨错练习的主要注意点
(1)名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。
(2)动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句需要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。
(3)形容词副词：混用。常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反。关系副词where,when,why等的错用，如受“介词+关系代词”的影响而多加了不必要的介词等。
(4)介词；主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
(5)主谓一致性；如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
(6)冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a,an的混用,注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour,an honest boy ,其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用an，而a useful book,a university,a European, a one-hour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a
(7)数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds.
(8)连词：如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反.⑼词性的混淆；⑽同义词辨异；
(9)代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。
(10)常用固定短语用错。
辨错练习（1）
1. All of the (A) performers in the play did well (B). The audience (C)applauded the actors (D) excellent performance.(名词格的错用。 D.改成actors’,名词属格，actors 和 excellent performance是所属关系)
2. That (A) the woman was saying (B) was so important that I asked everyone to stop (C) talking and listen (D).（ 关系词的错用。A. that改为what, that从句前置做主语，表示强调整个从句的内容，不充当从句的任何成分，that 从句做主语一般用于先行it结构。本句中关系词应该是what用作saying的宾语。）
3. This is the longest (A) flight I have ever taken (B). By the time we get to Los Angeles, we had flown for (C) 13 hours.（动词时态的错用。 C。应改为we will have flown for ,by the time使用将来完成时。By+将来的时间是将来完成时的标记。）
4. There is(A) five sheep on the farm, but(B) there are(C) only(D) three goats.（主谓不一致。A. 改为are。考点：主谓一致，sheep单复数一样，前面又five限制。）
5. This article deals with(A) the natural phenomenon which are(B) most interesting to(C) everyone(D).（ 主谓不一致。5. B。改为is。Which的先行词为phenomenon为单数，其复数形式为phenomena）
6. The news of the loss suffered(A) by our troops were(B) much(C) worse than wehad expected.(D)
( 主谓不一致。B, 改为was, news为复数形式单数概念。)
7. It is difficult to classify(A) mathematics as simply(B) an art or a science because they contain(C) elements of both(D).
（代词与名词的一致。C，应改为it contains。It指代mathematics,是单数）
8. In spite of(A) his aged(B) appearance, his movements were as spirited as(C) a young man.(D)
( D. 不同类的比较。改为those of a young man.)
9. To make space(A) in the bed room, she put(B) away her(C) winter’s clothes(D)in the upstairs bedroom.
（winter 可以认为是“冬天的”，不需加’s。D改为winter clothes。）
10. She is going to the shoes(A) store to(B) buy some(C) shoes( D).
（固定用法。A, 改为shoe, 鞋店称为shoe store）
11. The president, along with(A) his wife and daughter, are returning(B) from a brief vacation at(C) Sun Valley in order to attend(D) a press conference this afternoon.
（ 主谓一致。B。改为is returning。Along with, together with, as well as，rather than, more than, as much as, but, except 等连接的复合主语结构，谓语动词应与第一主语保持一致。
All students except Linda were invited.
The coach rather than the players is to blame for the defeat.
The children as much as their teachers were terrified by the ghost story.)
12. A large amount(A) of people come from(B) all parts of the country to see the exhibition.
(不定数量词的用法。A, 应该为number, amount一般用于限定物质名词，这类限定不定数量的词组有：number of 用于可数名词复数、部分集体名词；quantity of, amount of, deal of 用于不可数名词；plenty of, a lot of , lots of, 可用于可数名词复数、不可数名词。）
13. Many a man（A）think(B) life is(C) meaningless without a(D) purpose.
（名词单复数。A,应改为thinks,因为many a man 是复数概念，单数形式。）
14. On(A) most American farms, one or two principal(B) products is(C) raisedfor(D) a cash crop.
( 主谓一致就近原则。C，改为are。One or two 后谓语动词应与相近的保持一致，除or以外，还有either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的主语结构，适应于就近的原则。)
15. She is the only(A) one of the girls(B) who(C) play(D) in the band.
（ 主谓一致。D. 改为plays. 定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致，one of +复数名词…后的定语从句谓语动词形式应为复数，She is one of girls who play in the band. 但实在the only one of…的情况下，应为单数。）
16, What(A) happened in New York is(B) a reaction from city(C) workers whohad(D) been laid off from their jobs.
（动词时态。 B. 改为was.因为前面是happened, 后面是had been）
17. A thousand miles no longer(A) mean(B) much to us today for modern jets caneasily get(C) us over this long(D) distance within a matter of a few hours. .
（ 主谓一致。B。改为means。表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、小数等名词词组做主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。）
18. Social technology (A)as well as (B)physical technology (C)need (D)to be applied in making human arrangements.
（主谓一致。C.应改为 needs，as well as连接的两个部分不是并列关系，而是主从关系。）.
19. Every man, woman, and child in this community (A)are now aware (B)of the terrible (C)consequences of (D)the habit of smoking.
（概念一致。A, 应改为is, and连接的前面有every, each, no的单数名词或表示是同一人或事的结构，后面的动词应为复数形式。）
20. George Davidson, (A)a geographer and astronomer, (B)have headed many United States expeditions（探险、考察队） (C)to observe total (D)solar eclipses.
（概念一致。B, 改为has,因为地理学家、天文学家是同一个人，但如果两个名词前面都有定冠词，应是两个不同的人，动词应为复数。The director and the secretary of the factory are all very able men.）
21. He (A)was the only one of the (B)candidates who (C)were able to (D)carry outhis campaign pledges.
(概念一致。C, 改为was)
22. (A)Somehow, in the panic, the (B)crews of the airplane (C)were able to rescue (D)nearly all of the passengers.
(名词的数。B, 改为crew, 因为crew为集体名词，指整个机组人员，不用复数形式。)
23. Langston Hughes always seemed to know (A)exactly who he was, and (B)those knowledges helped (C)make him one of the most respected (D)writers in the United States.
（ 名词的数。B.改为 the knowledge. 因为knowledge为不可数名词，一般不用复数形式，前面不用thouse.）
24. At present (A)a large number of people (B)thinks the (C)worst danger from automobiles (D)is accidents and not pollution.
(名词的数。B, 改为think, 因为people当“人民”、“人们”讲时，概念总是复数，当作“民族”、“部落”、“种族”讲时为单数。the English-speaking peoples, a peace-loving people)
25. The source of this (A)surprising fact is electronic anti-noise, which(B)creates (C)sound’s waves to cancel out (D)unwanted rattles and other noise.
(名词的格。C,应改为 sound waves 为无生命的，不能使用s’属格)
26. (A)Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, (B)especially one(C)containing so many diversified sub-cultures as the United States, (D)are a complex, bewildering（令人困惑的） task.
（从句或分词短语的数。D, are应改为is, 因为本句主语为非谓语动词短语，应被视为单数。）
27. The Naval Observatory in Washington D. C. (A)supplies official (B)times signals (C)for regulating clocks (D)throughout the United States.（同词形词义的变化。B, 应改为time, 因为后面的clock提示，B项意为时间，而times意为时代或次数、倍数。）
28. A ray of light passing through(A) the centre(B) of a thin lens keep(C) itsoriginal(D) directions.
（句子结构。C, 应改为keeps,因其主语是a ray）
29. One of the most distinction(A) dialects(B) of North American English, Gullah (嘎勒语) is spoken(C) by many people in the South Carolina area(D).
(同根词变体的词性。A, 应改为其形容词形式distinctive)
30. Dolphins are warm blooded; that is, its(A) body temperature always stays(B) about the same, regardless(C) of the surroundings(D).
（人称代词指代的一致。A, 应改为their, 和前面的dolphins保持一致）
辨错练习（2）
1, The changes that took(A) place in air travel during(B) the last sixty yearswould have seemed(C) completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientistsat(D) the turn of the 19th century.（在十九世纪初）
(表示时间延续用完成时。A，应改为 have taken,因took与时间状语during the last sixty years 不一致)
2，With (A) production having gone(B) up steadily, the factory needs anever-increasing (C)supply of (D)raw materials.
(非谓语动词的时态。B,应改为 going,因句中going up steadily 与needs 同时发生)
3, The idea that(A) learning is a (B)lifelong process has expressed (C)by philosophers and educationalists throughout (D)the centuries.
(动词的语态。C，应改为 has been expressed,被动语态，后面有by 引导的施动者).
4, Not too many (A)years ago (B)my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C)jogging in public (D)。
(动词的语态C, 应改为 to be seen,被动语态。)
5, He was seeing (A)somebody creeping (B)into the house through (C)the open(D)window last night.
(A,应改为 saw,表示结果的感知动词没有进行时)
不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think， see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
6, If it doesn’t (A)rain within (B)the next few weeks, the crops (C)will have to be watered if they are to be survived (D)
(及物与不及物动词D, 应改为to survive, survive此处为非及物动词，不能有被动语态。)
7, If the police would have (A)arrived (B)earlier, he would have (C)seen(D)the accident.
(虚拟语气，A ,应改为had,与过去事实相反，从句用had done)
8，Had Paul received (A)six more (B)votes in the last election, he would have been (C)our chairman (D)now.
(动词时态与时间状语一致C，应改为 would be,时间状语now表示主句与现在事实相反。)
9, The demand for (A)electricity can (B)not readily be met were it not (C)for another source of (D)energy—nuclear power.
(省略if的虚拟语气，B,应改为could,表示非真实的假设)
10,Victor obviously (A) didn’t know what’s happened (B)；otherwise he didn’t make (C)such a (D)stupid remark.
(情态动词+完成时不定式结构，C, 应改为 wouldn’t have made, otherwise连接虚拟分句,作出一个与事实相反的推断。)
11，Without (A) the friction between their (B) feet and the ground, people will(C) in no way (D) be able to walk.
(其它结构引导的虚拟语气，C，应改为 would,介词without引导虚拟条件)
12, So great (A) was (B) the influence of Thomas Paine on (C) his own time that John Adams（亚当斯，美国第二任总统） suggested that the era was called (D)“The Age of Paine”。
(be型虚拟语气，D，应改为 be called, suggest后接宾语从句，为be型虚拟语气，其谓语应用动词原形。)
13, Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained(B) take into (C) account before starting (D)a new project.
(be型虚拟语气，C,应改为 be taken into, necessity后接同位语从句，be型虚拟语气，其谓语用动词原形。)
14, It (A) is essential that (B) all these figures are to be (C) checked twice(D)。
(be型虚拟语气，C,应改为 be,形容词essential要求其主语从句为be型虚拟语气谓语用动词原形)
15, That small country at one time (A) must be (B) prosperous, for (C) it enjoyed a high level (D) of civilization.
(情态动词+不定时完成时，B,应改为 must have been,表示对过去的肯定推测。)
16, In a (A) way I agree with you, but I think (B) you could present (C) your argument in a much better (D) way.
(同上，C,应改为 could have presented,表示“本来可以…”但实际没有做的虚拟推测。)
17，I regret having left (A) the work unfinished (B)；I should plan (C) everything ahead (D) carefully.
(同上，C，应改为 should have planned,表示“本应该做”而实际未做的虚拟意义。)
18，A piece of evidence shows (A) that life may exist (B) on earth (C) 3.8 billion years ago (D)。
(同上，B，应改为 may have existed,表示根据逻辑推理对过去事情作出的可能性推测。)
19, I got up early (A) but I didn’t need to do (B) so, because (C) I had no work to do (D)that morning.
(同上，B,应改为 needn’t have done,表示做了不必做的事。)
20, He knew (A) that she mustn’t have taken (B) the book as (C) she hadn’t been (D) in the house at that time.
(B,应改为 couldn’t have taken,表示对过去可能性的否定推测，must的否定式一般不用)
22,You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D).
(非谓语动词作宾语，D，应改为 being challenged, enjoy要求动名词作宾语)
23,When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C)all traffic (D).
(主动态和被动态，A,应改为 carrying,与逻辑主语car为施动关系，即“车载着…”)
24, People cannot but(A)（不得不，只好） feel puzzling (B)，for they simplycannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(非谓语动词作补语，过去分词作主语补足语表示主语的感觉和状态 “感到…”，现在分词表示主语的性质“令人…”B，应改为 puzzled,过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态)
25,Mr. Jan kin regretted to blame (A)his secretary for (B)the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(A,应改为 having blamed,此处regret要求接动名词，表对做过的事情感到后悔，其完成式表明blame发生在regret之前)
26, When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B)，I cannot help butbelieving (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(固定搭配，C,应改为 believe,习惯用法cannot help but do)
27，The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) inbroad (D) daylight yesterday.
(非谓语动词时态，C，应改为to have been robbed, yesterday是修饰不定式的，用完成式表示动作已发生。)
28，Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(非谓语动词短语，A， 可以考虑改为If we use, 全句最好改为If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主语data不可能作分词using的逻辑主语，形成无依附结构。)
29，On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising(C) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit (D) and bedspreads.
(主系表机构的部分倒装，B，应改为 were,倒装结构，主语是hundreds of…)
30, The amount of pressure (A) which (B) the materials are subject (C) to（容易遭受） affect (D) the quality of the products.
(谓语动词的形，D,应改为 affects, 因为The amount of pressure是单数，谓语动词要用单数。which the materials are subject to是定语从句，修饰那个The amount of pressure。对材料起支配作用的压力的大小影响产品质量。)
31, Transforming (A) raw materials into (B) useful products are (C) calledmanufacturing (D)。
(动名词短语作主语是单数，C,应改为 is,把原材料转换为有用的产品的过程叫做制造。)
32, The dean of the college together with some other (A) faculty members are planning (B) a conference for the purpose of (C) laying down（制定） certain (D) regulations.
(主谓一致，B,应改为 is planning, 主语有附加语，这个学院的院长和一些教职员工正在计划召开一个会议制定某些规章制度。)
33, There are many valuable services (A) which the public are (B) willing to pay for, but which (C) bring(D) a return in money to the community.
(句子的逻辑关系，D,应改为 do not bring ,第二个关系代词which作主语，先行词是services,中间有but表示转折。有很多有价值的服务公众愿意出钱享用，但它们不能为团体带来财政上的回报。)
34, One of the world’s largest (A) salt mines lie (B) directly under (C) the city (D) of Detroit.
(概念一致，B应改为 lies,主语是one，世界上最大的盐矿之一直接位于底特律城市的下面。)
35, George is one (A) of the graduate students who (B) has (C) got a part time(D) job.
(先行词与关系代词的数的一致，C,应改为 have,who与先行词students一致，是复数概念。乔治是那些已经有了一份零工的毕业生之一。)
36,Mr. Wang is the only one (A) of the teachers in (B) our university who (C)own (D) a car.
(同上，D,应改为 owns,与先行词one一致，王先生我们大学唯一一个由轿车的教师。)
37， Many a (A) problem concerning the agricultural production (B) have been (C) solved this way (D)。
(C，应改为 has been,与a problem在语法上一致，一个又一个关乎农业的问题都以这种方式相继解决。)
38，It was during the 1920’s that (A) the friendship between (B) the two American writers Heminingway and Fitzgerald reached their (C) highest (D) point. (C，应改为its,指代friendship,在数上一致，正是在20世纪20年代，美国两名作家—海明威和菲茨杰拉德的友谊达到了最高点。)
39，Each cigarette which a person smokes does (A) some (B) harm, and eventuallyyou (C) may get a serious disease from its (D) effect.
(人称代词与指代对象的一致，C，应改为 he,指代a person,在人称上一致，每一根一个人抽的香烟都会造成一些危害，最终这个人也许因此患上严重的疾病。 )
40，It is required by law that a husband have to pay (A) the debts of his wifeuntil (B) formal notice is given that (C) he no longer has to pay her (D).
(同上，D,改为 to pay them,指代debts,在人称和数上一致，按照法律的要求，丈夫要替妻子还债，直到他正式地收到一份裁决书，他可以不用再还这些债了。)
41, His achievements have earned him (A) respect from (B) both his colleagues and those (C) whose positions are higher than he(D)。
(比较的对等，D,应改为 his,指代his position,在格上一致，position 省略，他的成就使他从他的同事和那些地位比他高的人的尊敬。)
42,There is a real possibility (A) that (B) these animals could (C) be frightened, there should (D) be a loud noise.
(虚拟条件if 省略，D，应改为 should there,虚拟条件句省略 if，当发生强烈噪声的情况下，有这些动物受到惊吓的可能性。)
43，Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips (A)；not only he was (B) the prophet（预言家） of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.
(句子倒装，B,应改为 was he, not only置于分句首，谓语动词应倒装，突然盖洛普的名字被挂在每个人的嘴边，也不仅因为他是当时的预言家，但是他创立了一个新的最重要的预测方法是被广泛相信的。)
44, Little did we expected (A) that he would (B) fulfil (C) his task so rapidly(D).
(动词否定式的形式，A，应改为 expect,前面已有助动词did，我们几乎不能预料他会如此快地完成它的任务。)
45, Many people take it (A) for granted (B) that the more one has children(C)，the more secure one’s late years (D) will be.
(C，应改为 children one has, the more…the more结构: 第一个more限定的是children，应该与more相连，许多人把生孩子越多，晚年越平安视为想当然。)
46．However (A) he tried hard (B)，he still (C) failed in (D) the entrance exam.
(固定搭配，B, 应改为hard he tried, however做副词表让步时，后面应跟副词或形容词，引起倒装。不管他多努力，还是在入学考试中失败了。)
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