大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
1)原级，即原形。
2)比较级，表示“较……”或“更……一些”的意思。
3)最高级，表示“最……”的意思。
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est
cold colder coldest
strong stronger strongest
fast faster fastest
slow slow slowest
以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st
nice nicer nicest
large larger largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est
easy esaier easiest
happy happier happiest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most
delicious more delicious most delicious
interesting more interesting most interting
【注意】：其中第三条在初中阶段主要有以下几个形容词：big, red, wet, hot, fat, thin, fit。
因此，我们可按其汉语意思记为：大、红、湿、热、胖、瘦、合适。
(2)不规则变化
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
much/many more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
（1）原级的用法
①表示程度的副词very， so， too， enough， quite等修饰时用形容词原级
The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
( ) The bag of rice is ________heavy for Tom to carry. Let's go and help him.
A．too B．so C．very D．much
( ) Some students are so ________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A．careful B．serious C．careless D．Successful
②表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。表示相同或相等时，用“A...+as+原级+as+B”，表示“A与B一样……”。即“A=B”。
My friend is as tall as her mother. 我的朋友和她妈妈一样高。
( ) Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine is _____ it says.
A. not as good as B. as well as C. not as well as D. as good as
2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
①比较级：表示两者（人或事物）的比较
通常有“形容词（副词）比较级+than+…”构成，表示一方比另一方更加…
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read .
This mooncake is nicer than that one。
The film was less funny than the book.电影没有书有趣。
②有表示程度的副词much,a lot, a little, a bit,even (两多两少一甚至)等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。
It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。
③表示“两者之间进行选择哪一个更……”时，用“Which/Who +比较级，A or B?”表示。
Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？
-Who plays the violin _______,Tom or Jack? —Tom. But he gave the chance to Jack.
A.well B.better C.best D.the best
④“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。
( )—The relation between the two countries gets _________. A war seems to br
eak out soon .
--I hope they will make peace with each other .
A. worse and worse B. better and better C. more and more peaceful
⑤“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
The more fruit you eat, the healthier you are. 吃的水果越多，你就越健康。
( ) — Can you tell me why you learn English so well?
— It’s very simple. ____you work, ____ grades you will get.
A. The harder; the best B. The hard; the better C. Harder; better D. The harder; the better
⑥表示几倍于……时，用倍数+比较级+than表示。
This classroom is two times bigger than that one.这间教室比那间大2倍。
⑦形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
He is taller than any other boy.他比其他男孩都高。
—Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world.
—That is, it is larger than _______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
最高级：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the。后面可带of / in 短语来说明比较的范围。
She is the youngest in the class.
The taxi is going the fastest.
Mr. Qin is walking the slowest of all.
①表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示范围。即“A+...the+最高级+of/ in/ ...”来表示“在某范围内A最……”。
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world. 我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。
--Which country is your favorite, Lin Tao？
--France, of course. It’s the _______ place that I want to visit.
A. worst B. better C. best
－Of the three TV programs, which one do you think is ________?
－I think A Bite of China is.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting
②表示“在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择”时，用句型“Which/Who is the +最高级， A， B or C?”表示。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn?
你最喜欢哪个季节，春天、夏天还是秋天？
③表示“……是最……之一”时，用“A+...one of the+最高级+名词复数”。
Jay Zhou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
④表示第几最……。用“A+...the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+in+范围”意为“A是某范围内第几……的……”
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高女生。
⑤形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词the。
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
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