编者按
无论是初中还是高中掌握句子结构都是十分重要的,特别是高中,很多同学在高一的时候就明显感觉自己的英语成绩下降了。初中不懂语法,凭借背单词和短语就能取得不错的英语成绩。那么在高中除了更加强调阅读能力,还有就是必须语法过关。这样我们才能在高中取得优异的英语成绩,那么首先我们必须要明白的就是英语句子结构。
句子结构
句子种类
1.按句子的用途可分四种:
(1)陈述句(肯定、否定):She didn’t hear of you before.
(2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Mary can swim, can’t she?
(3)祈使句: Don’t talk in class
(4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!
2. 按句子的结构可分三种:
(1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
(2)并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。(两个或者多个谓语)
You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
(3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。(两个或者多个谓语)
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
简单句的五种基本句型
1. 主谓结构:We work.
2. 主谓宾结构:Henry bought a dictionary.
3. 主谓双宾结构:My father bought me a car.
这种句型还可以转换为其他两种句型:
(1)动词+直接宾语+for sb.
(2)动词+直接宾语+to sb.
4. 主谓宾+宾补:Tom made the baby laugh.
5. 主系表:He is a student. (考题中主要考后面加形容词的形式)
系动词的分类:be动词:am,is,are,was,were
感官动词:feel,taste,smell,sound
变化类:become,turn,get
保持类:keep,remain,stay
其他各种句子都可由这几种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
句子结构在考试中的应用
语法填空
1:(2018年全国二卷)When we got a call 1 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 2 joke.
2:(2019年全国二卷) I work not because Ihave to, 3 because I want to.
改错题
1:(2019年全国二卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
2: (2019年全国三卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案
总结
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