在高考作文中，20以上与20分以下完全是两个不同的层次。有的同学会苦恼，我卷面漂亮，要点齐全，基本没有语法错误，也用了从句了，怎么作文分数就在18、19分呢？
的确，卷面、字数、要点、语法等都是评分的标准，但是思考一下，你对列出来的要点进行扩充了吗？要点之间有过渡词吗？用了从句，但从句只有一两句简单从句吗？是否大部分词汇都还是初中词汇？如果大部分答案都是“是”的话，那就是你得分上不去20的原因了。
因此，想要突破20分这个分水岭，还要在内容要点、过渡衔接、亮点词汇与句式上面下功夫。
在内容要点上面具体扩充时，可以采取文科答题技巧：是什么（what），为什么（why），怎么办（how）。
在“是什么（what）”扩充时，可以扩充这个活动、比赛、书、电影等的内容（…, which is about…），也可以扩充该活动、比赛的举办时间（…, which will be held from…to…）等；
在“为什么（why）”扩充时，可以扩充原因与好处意义，so that…, which引导的非限定性定语从句等句式也可以用到；
在“怎么办（how）”扩充时，一般是对发生的某事，对别人的问题，或者对于某个社会现象进行扩充。
1．追加成分
在要点基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、非谓语动词、独立主格结构等。不仅增加了词数，而且使表达更清晰、准确，主题更突出。
例1.你要早点到达，这样你就可以帮助朋友一家人准备晚餐。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting.（扩充why，一起准备晚餐的意义、好处。）
例2.(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，说清楚。
Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make you relaxed（扩充why，面带微笑的好处）. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.（扩充why，说慢说清的好处）
2．补加语句
根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助读者理解所写内容。
例3.电影的名字是《一起成长》。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school. （扩充what，电影内容是什么。）
例4.(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给急需的人。
The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need. This will not only help them through difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness. （扩充why，捐款意义）
创造良好开端
[常用开头词汇]
表示“启”的词汇常用在段落或文章的开头，用于开篇引出扩展句。常见的词汇有：first, firstly, first of all, at first, in the first place, above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally speaking, according to等。
First of all, we must make full use of every 45minute lesson.
Nowadays/Recently, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.
In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
To begin/start with, smoking should be banned in public areas.
[常用开头句式]
As the proverb says/As the saying goes, “Time is money.”
With the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in people's life.
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
It is believed that health is above wealth.
顺势承上启下
[常用顺承词汇]
表示“承”的词汇常用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句。常见的词汇有：second/secondly, also, besides, soon afterwards, in addition, after that, what's more, furthermore, moreover, what's worse, worse still, still less, to make matters worse, for example, in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, at the same time, meanwhile等。
Besides, developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively.
What's more, good books can help us to develop good characters.
In addition, we shouldn't neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
Meanwhile/At the same time, I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy.
[常用顺承句式]
What is more serious is that we don't cherish wildlife.
As far as I am concerned, they stand for love, friendship and unity.
巧妙转折过渡
[常用转折过渡词汇]
表示“转”的词汇常用来表示不同或相反的意见或情况。常见的词汇有：but, yet, however, while, on the other hand, otherwise, or (else), on the contrary, contrary to, in any case, though, although, in spite of, as, even if/though, despite, regardless of等。
Finally, the horse calmed down, but we seemed to get lost, unable to go back to the mountain road. (2018·浙江卷·书面表达)
On the other hand, online shopping also has many disadvantages.
On the contrary, the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth.
Contrary to what I had originally said, the trip turned out to be fun.
[常用转折句式]
Whatever/No matter what you say, he won't believe you.
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
完美结束全文
[常用结尾词汇]
表示“合”的词汇常用于小结段落中上文的内容，引出最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。常见的词汇有：finally, last but not least, on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, in general等。
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
On the whole, I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.
In conclusion, a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.
In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
To sum up, environmental protection is of great importance, which can make us live more comfortably and healthily.
[常用结尾句式]
I'd appreciate it if you could deliver them as soon as possible.
It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.
什么是较高级词汇？众所周知，词汇本来并没有“高低贵贱”之分，但某个词一旦得到使用，放在了具体语境中，使用得极为得当，体现了该词的价值，为句子增色，让文章添彩，它就是较高级词汇；相反，使用时体现的价值平平，没有创意，它就是较低级词汇。
巧用4招，以实现由低级向高级的转化。
1．“语”众不同，避免人云亦云
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇来表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
例1.Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful to you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.
→Hopefully, these suggestions would be of great help to you. I hold the firm belief that you will have a great time. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
注意： be + adj.=be + of + n，英语是一门静态语言，名词化是英语表达的偏好。平时可以多积累adj的名词形式，动词变成相应的名词短语等，在下次写作时运用于作文中。
例2.I'm busy with my lessons now, for the Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.
→I'm occupied with my lessons now, for the Entrance Examination, which is of great importance to me, is round the corner. (2017·天津卷·书面表达)
例3.So I have to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
→So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
例4.I should be free any time after school next week.
→I should be available any time after school next week.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
2．更新换代，避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
例1.The team will hold many activities, some of which will appeal to you, including many matches.
→The team will hold a range of activities, some of which will appeal to you, including many matches. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
例2.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have different ways to deal with such a situation.
→We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. (2015·浙江卷·书面表达)
例3.We've built a new experiment building beside the old one and we've also built a library where the old playground used to be.
→We've built a new experiment building beside the old>set up a library where the old playground used to be.
3．单词与短语巧妙互用
一般情况下短语优先，应多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，方可“一词传神”。
例1. We need your help very much，so as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
→We are desperately/badly in need of your help，so as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.(2018·天津卷·书面表达)
例2.I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to help me.
→I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do me a favor.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
例3.Quite a few things caused the traffic problem.
→Quite a few things gave rise to the traffic problem.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)
例4.We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future.
→We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.(2015·福建卷·书面表达)
4．尽量用高中阶段学到的词代替初中阶段学到的词
例1.I believe that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results.
→I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. (2018·天津卷·书面表达)
例2.Second, I am trying my best to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
→Second, I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.(2017·天津卷·书面表达)
例3.As scheduled, we joined in several instructive activities.
→As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
一、利用复合句式，提升文章档次
(一)增加亮点的定语从句
1．定语从句的应用可以很有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句变为一个定语从句，就是从低级到高级的表达。
例1.Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture. It turned out to be extremely rewarding.
→Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.(2018·北京卷·书面表达·第二节)
例2.You can correct any mistakes. You find any mistakes in them.
→You can correct any mistakes you find in them.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
2．定语从句有多种形式，引导词也有若干，但最常运用、最能增加亮点的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句以及“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。
(1)在表达“正如……”这一含义时，我们常用as引导的非限制性定语从句。常见的句式有：
①As we all know.../As is known to all...
②As he pointed out...
③As we can see from...
④As the famous saying goes...
As you know, besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
(2)which引导定语从句时，可以指代某个词，也可以指代整个主句。
We’ll also spend some fun time together, singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
(3)“介词＋which” 引导的定语从句
It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports.(2016·江苏卷·书面表达)
(二)吸引眼球的状语从句
在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句式，它的灵活运用使作文更具吸引力。
例1.When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
例2.We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
(三)提升档次的名词性从句
1．名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其中what, that所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级的表达方式。
例1.I have good news to tell you that an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus. (同位语从句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
例2.Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do.(宾语从句)(2016·浙江卷·书面表达)
2．在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种升华。
例1.He said a lot at the meeting. His words were very attractive.
→What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
例2.One man's meat is another man's poison.
→What is one man's meat is another man's poison.
二、常用8大句式，考场驾轻就熟
1．强调句型
强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一成分，其构成为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的层次。
例1.Because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends, we really wish you can join us. (强调because部分)
→It is because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.(2017·浙江卷·应用文写作)
例2.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(2014·江西卷·书面表达)
[注意] 被强调的是时间或地点状语时，不要用when或where，而应用that。
It was in the park that (不用where) I came across my previous English teacher.
2．倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
(1)“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015·湖南卷·满分作文)
(2)none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Not only does it affect our daily life, but it also puts people's lives at risk.(2015·江苏卷·满分作文)
(3)在so/such ... that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.(2014·福建卷·书面表达)
(4)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015·上海高考·满分作文)
在写作中，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级。
例3.We can help to construct an energysaving society only with joint efforts.
→Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energysaving society.
3．省略句
省略句的应用可以使句子更简洁、明快。写作中主要用到的有状语从句的省略和不定式to后成分的省略。
例1.If (it is) not, let me know what time suits you best. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
例2.As (it is) scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
4．虚拟语气
写作中虚拟语气的使用可以使表达更委婉，更加可读。写作中常见的有以下几种：
(1)wish型虚拟语气
Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.
(2)if only型虚拟语气
If only I could go back and reset my goals.
(3)It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.
5．非谓语动词
写作中非谓语动词的应用标志着写作水平上升了一个档次，写作中常用到的是非谓语动词作状语和定语。
(1)非谓语动词作状语
例1.To get (get) some working experience, I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
例2.So I'm writing you a letter, hoping (hope)to get your guide and suggestions. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
例3.Faced (face) with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
(2)非谓语动词作定语
It carries articles written (written) by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
6．with复合结构
with复合结构可以使文章简洁紧凑，一篇文章如果能恰当地使用一两个with复合结构，可以使文章增色不少。
例1.Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
例2.With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them.
7．并列句型
并列句型是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。写作中常用到的有以下几种：
(1) while表示对比关系，意为“然而，可是”
It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. (2016·江苏卷·书面表达)
(2) not only...but (also)．.. “不仅……而且……”
It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
(3) not...but...“不是……，而是……”
To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. (2016·江苏卷·书面表达)
8．it句型
it的应用可以使句子更平衡，更符合英语习惯。常见的有以下几种：
(1)it作形式主语
Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.
(2)it作形式宾语
And you also should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.(2015·四川卷·书面表达)
(3)it在某些固定句式中的应用
I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
只要抓好内容要点、亮点词汇、亮点句式和过渡衔接，并加以练习，作文可以轻松突破20分。但同学们要记住，英语是一门长期性的积累的学科，词汇、句式的积累是在日常学习中积累与运用的，想要考试时临时发挥肯定是不行的，日常还需要加强积累与练习。
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