playbook是由一个或多个模块组成的，使用多个不同的模块，完成一件事情。
可以实现批量管理
可以实现批量部署
ad-hoc(批量执行命令)---针对临时性的操作
ansible clsn -m command -a "hostname" <- 批量执行命令举例
编写剧本-脚本(playbook)---针对重复性的操作
pyYAML-----用于ansible编写剧本所使用的语言格式（saltstack---python）
rsync-ini语法 sersync-xml语法 ansible-pyYAML语法
paramiko---远程连接与数据传输
Jinja2-----用于编写ansible的模板信息
YAML使用一个固定的缩进风格表示层级结构,每个缩进由两个空格组成, 不能使用tabs
以冒号结尾的除外，其他所有冒号后面所有必须有空格。
表示列表项，使用一个短横杠加一个空格。
多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一列表。
- hosts: 172.16.1.7 处理指定服务器 (空格)hosts:(空格)172.16.1.7task: 剧本所要干的事情; (空格)(空格)task:- name: （两个空格）-（空格）name:command: echo hello clsn linux （四个空格）command:(空格) 剧本格式示例[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# vim rsync.yaml- hosts: 172.16.1.41 tasks: - name: Install Rsync yum: name=rsync state=installedansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.yml --- 进行剧本配置信息语法检查ansible-playbook -C 01.yml --- 模拟剧本执行（彩排）ansible-playbook --syntax-check[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check 01.ymlplaybook: 01.ymlansible-playbook -C[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook -C 01.ymlPLAY [all] ****************************************************************TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************ok: [172.16.1.41]ok: [172.16.1.8]此处省略………..PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************172.16.1.31 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0172.16.1.41 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0172.16.1.8 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个任务
- hosts: all tasks: - name: restart-network cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' - name: sync time cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"剧本编写内容扩展：剧本任务编写多个主机- hosts: 172.16.1.7 tasks: - name: restart-network cron: name='restart network' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' - name: sync time cron: name='sync time' minute=*/5 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.com >/dev/null 2>&1"- hosts: 172.16.1.31 tasks: - name: show ip addr to file shell: echo $(hostname -i) >> /tmp/ip.txt多主机单任务编写方式
多主机多任务编写方式
不同主机多任务编写方式
全网备份
实时备份
| 角色 | 外网IP(NAT) | 内网IP(LAN) | 部署软件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| m01 | eth0:10.0.0.61 | eth1:172.16.1.61 | ansible |
| backup | eth0:10.0.0.41 | eth1:172.16.1.41 | rsync |
| nfs | eth0:10.0.0.31 | eth1:172.16.1.31 | nfs、Sersync |
| web01 | eth0:10.0.0.7 | eth1:172.16.1.7 | httpd |
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{file,conf,scripts} -p [root@m01 ~]# tree /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook//etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/├── conf└── file└── scripts准备对应的配置文件存放至/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/
[root@m01 conf]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf uid = wwwgid = wwwport = 873fake super = yesuse chroot = nomax connections = 200timeout = 600ignore errorsread only = falselist = falseauth users = rsync_backupsecrets file = /etc/rsync.passwordlog file = /var/log/rsyncd.log#####################################[backup]path = /backup[data]path = /data准备nfs配置文件exports
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/nfs_exports /data/ 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)下载Sersync软件包
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ll /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/file/-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 727290 Aug 1 12:04 sersync.tar.gz准备sersync实时同步的配置文件
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/confxml.xml.nfs <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><head version="2.5"> <host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host> <debug start="false"/> <fileSystem xfs="true"/> <filter start="false"> <exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude> <exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude> <exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude> <exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude> </filter> <inotify> <delete start="true"/> <createFolder start="true"/> <createFile start="true"/> <closeWrite start="true"/> <moveFrom start="true"/> <moveTo start="true"/> <attrib start="false"/> <modify start="false"/> </inotify> <sersync> <localpath watch="/data"> <remote ip="172.16.1.41" name="data"/> </localpath> <rsync> <commonParams params="-az"/> <auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/> <userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 --> <timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 --> <ssh start="false"/> </rsync> <failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once--> <crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins--> <crontabfilter start="false"> <exclude expression="*.php"></exclude> <exclude expression="info/*"></exclude> </crontabfilter> </crontab> <plugin start="false" name="command"/> </sersync> <plugin name="command"> <param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/> <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix--> <filter start="false"> <include expression="(.*)\.php"/> <include expression="(.*)\.sh"/> </filter> </plugin> <plugin name="socket"> <localpath watch="/opt/tongbu"> <deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/> </localpath> </plugin> <plugin name="refreshCDN"> <localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/"> <cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/> <sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/> <regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/> </localpath> </plugin></head>基础环境：所有机器统一的配置
1.需要关闭firewalld以及selinux、epel仓库、ssh端口、优化基础配置
2.需要安装rsync和nfs-utils
3.准备www用户
4.需要准备/etc/rsync.pass密码文件
5.需要准备全网备份脚本
基础的playbook剧本
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yaml - hosts: all tasks: - name: Install Epel Repos get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo - name: Install Rsync Nfs-Utils yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed - name: Create Group WWW group: name=www gid=666 - name: Create User WWW user: name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin - name: Create Rsync_Client_Pass copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600 - name: Create Scripts Directory file: path=/server/scripts recurse=yes state=directory - name: Push File Scripts copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh dest=/server/scripts/ - name: Crontable Scripts cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup_md5.sh &>/dev/null"1.安装rsync
2.配置rsync（配置变更，一定要进行重载操作）
3.创建虚拟用户，权限调整
4.创建目录/data/ /backup
5.启动rsync
6.配置邮箱->邮箱的发件人->校验的脚本
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yaml - hosts: backup tasks: - name: Installed Rsync Server yum: name=rsync,mailx state=installed - name: configure Rsync Server copy: src=./conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf notify: Restart Rsync Server - name: Create Virt User copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600 - name: Create Data file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: Create Backup file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: Start RsyncServer service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes - name: Push Check Scripts copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts/ - name: Crond Check Scripts cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check_backup.sh &>/dev/null"1.安装nfs-utils
2.配置nfs （当修改了配置，触发重载操作）
3.创建目录，授权
4.启动
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat nfs.yaml - hosts: nfs tasks: - name: Installed Nfs Server yum: name=nfs-utils state=installed - name: Configure Nfs Server copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports notify: Restart Nfs Server - name: Create Share Data file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: Start Nfs Server service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes handlers: - name: Restart Nfs Server service: name=nfs-server state=restarted1.下载sersync
2.解压，改名，配置
3.启动
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yaml - hosts: nfs tasks: - name: Scp Sersync copy: src=./file/sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/sersync.tar.gz - name: Zip shell: cd /usr/local && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 sersync args: creates: /usr/local/sersync - name: configure Sersync copy: src=./conf/confxml.xml dest=/usr/local/sersync/ - name: Start Sersync shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml挂载nfs共享的目录
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yaml - hosts: web tasks: - name: Mount NFS Server Share Data mount: src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat mail.yaml - import_playbook: base.yaml- import_playbook: rsync.yaml- import_playbook: nfs.yaml- import_playbook: sersync.yaml- import_playbook: web.yaml联系客服
