高考英语语法介词用法点睛
一、时间介词:at,in,on
1.at的用法
(1)时间的一点,时刻等,如:at 12∶00,at noon。
(2)较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子,如:at Christmas。
2.in的用法
(1)表示在某个较长的时间内。
注意:当时间名词前被this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何介词。
(2)表示在将来的一段时间之后。
3.on的用法
(1)用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间。
(2)用于表示特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
二、工具、手段、方式介词
1.by,in,on三词都表示旅行的方式
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词,如:by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词须用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语,如:by bike,by taxi。
(3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
2.with,by,in三词均可译为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式
(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
(2)by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形的工具或方式、手段之前,如:by hand,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope。
注意:使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示。
三、介词的常见搭配
1.at,from,in的有关表达
(1)at:at dawn在黎明;at daybreak拂晓
(2)from:from memory凭记忆
(3)in:in a hurry匆忙
2.of+抽象名词=形容词
(1)of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
(2)of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
3.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”
to+one’s+情感名词=to the+情感名词+of sb.
介词范例:
1.The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
A.by B.of C.in D.with
【答案】选D
【解析】句意:那个蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。根据句子的结构来判断,此处要用介词短语作定语,修饰the Scottish girl,表示“带有……”,要用介词with。故答案为D。
2.Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A.between B.along C.below D.with
3.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library____ a book about it.
A. on B. at C. for D. to
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:在你参观一个名胜之前,在当地图书馆里查找一本相关的书。
介词for 经常用来表示目的,为正确答案;其他几个介词均有此意,排除。
4.My father warned me________going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A.by B.on C.for D.against
5.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
【答案】B
6. His best-known work that is ________ all praise can be seen in the museum.
A.without B.beyond C.with D.within
【解析】句意:一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时, 间或
7.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are________everyone’s enjoyment.
A.in B.at C.for D.to
8.The dictionary is what I want,but I don’t have enough money________me.
A.by B.for C.in D.with
9. Four Chinese models were ________ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
A.among B.between C.along D.beside
10. many students interviewed sang high praise______his teaching
For
11. the teacher began his class______ an amusing English story.
with
12. the winds of hardship can either motivate us to grow______topple (刮倒) us
or
13. it was quite different from the regular english classes we were familiar_____
With
14. with the Chinese translation and vividly pictures, we could figure out its meaning ______ease.
With
15. it is the best way to get close___ nature.
to
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