典型表现为鳞屑性环状红斑块,边缘有脓疱(见图 6),严重者出现多发的毛囊性丘疹和重度炎症反应。有时经不适当地外涂糖皮质激素治疗后皮损变得不典型,称为难辨认癣。可有瘙痒感,热时明显,真菌学检查阳性。 图 6. 面癣:可见环状斑块炎性斑块和毛囊性脓疱(来源:Turra N 等 2019)
8. 红斑狼疮
面部蝶形红斑是系统性红斑狼疮特征性皮损,也可累及全面部,表现为境界清楚的融合性红斑,略有肿胀,表面有少许脱屑(见图 7),有时可出现糜烂和结痂。患者手背、指背和颈部 V 形区也可见紫红色丘疹和斑块,掌红斑常见,特别是指尖。 图 7. 系统性红斑狼疮的蝶形红斑(来源:Wolff K 等 2013)
9. 面部肉芽肿
表现为单个或多发性红褐色至紫色结节或斑块,表面光滑,常伴毛细血管扩张(见图 8),无症状,呈慢性病程,病理特征为真皮内以中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞为主的浸润,有境界带,可见白细胞碎裂性血管炎。 图 8. 面部肉芽肿:右颊红色浸润性斑块,毛囊口扩大呈假橘皮样外观(来源:Teixeira DA 等 2013)
10. 嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎
嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎也称为 Ofuji 病,表现为反复发作的瘙痒性毛囊性丘疹和无菌性脓疱,形成境界清楚的斑块,斑块中央消退、边缘扩展呈环状(见图 9),病理特征为嗜酸性粒细胞亲毛囊性浸润。 图 9. 嗜酸性脓疱性毛囊炎(来源:Chen JF 等 2011)参考文献[1] Turra N, Navarrete J, Magliano J, et al. Follicular tinea faciei incognito: the perfect simulator. Anais Brasikeiros de Dermatologia, 2019, 94(3):372-374.[2] Gallo RL, Granstein RD, Kang S, et al. Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: The 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2018, 78(1):148-155.[3] Wikramanayake TC, Broda LJ, Miteva M, et al. Seborrheic dermatitis-looking beyond malassezia. Exp Dermatol, 2019, 28(9):991-1001.[4] Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, et al. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine, 8th edition. McGraw-Hill Compnies, 2012:170.[5] Wolff K, Johnson RA, Saavedra AP. Fitzpatrick’s color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology, 7th edition. McGraw-Hill Education, 2013:335.[6] Teixeira DA, Estrozi B, Ianhez M. Granuloma faciale: a rare disease from a dermoscopy perspective. An Bras Dermatol, 2013, 88(s1):97-100.[7] Srour J, Bengel J, Linden T, et al. Efficacy of a skin care cream with TRPV1 inhibitor 4-tbutylcyclohexanol in the topical therapy of perioral dermatitis. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2019, 00:1-6.[8] Chen JF, Chen YF. Dermacase. Can you identify this condition? Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Can Fam Physician, 2011, 57(6):683.[9] Fabbrocini G, Izzo R, Faggiano A, et al. Low glycaemic diet and metformin therapy: a new approach in male subjects with acne resistant to common treatments. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2016, 41(1):38-42. 「文章内容仅用于学术探讨,供医疗专业人士阅读」