选择连词，亦称“or连词”，表示进行选择。
1．选择连词可连接单词或短语：
a．I must be hard－working（形容词）or economical（形容词）．（Or可连接任何词类）
You may go，（动词）or stay（动词）．
Which is better，wealth（名词）or health（名词）？
You can do it quickly（副词）or slowly（副词）．
I can start before（介词）or after（介词）breakfast．
b．You can study chemistry or even nuclear energy．
You may study chemistry or rather physics．
You must study calculus or at least algebra．
c．You must study either chemistry or physics．（关联连词）
You must study either chemistry or physics or biology．（不是eithe—either—or）
We observe rules whether of law or of morals．
d．You may have food fried（形容词）or otherwise．（可用在任何词类后）
Death（名词）or otherwise is nothing to me.
You can finish it tomorrow（副词） or otherwise.
e．He likes the“durian”，or（=that is，）a tropical fruithaving a strong smell．
He is a “Taoist”，or a philosopher advocating simplic－ity．
f．Either Bill or John（=Both）are Ida's lovers．（美国说法）
He likes either the low or the high social class．
选择连词也可连接分句：
g．We ought to（or should，must，…）work hard，or（orotherwise，else，or else）（＝if not）we shall be starved．
Work hard or you will be starved.
He knows grammar，or he would make many mistakes．
He did not know grammar，or he would have made nomistakes．
Either they take over the city，or we try to defend it．
h．He said nothing；or rather（=more exactly），nobodyhad asked him．
He will arrive at eight；or at least，he said he would．
i．I send it to you or you come to take it？
Will they give freedom to us？or must we fight for it？
j．He will explain to her or something（＝or do some－thing like that）．（Or这里连接分句和单词，这是不寻常的。）
Take out the barking dog or something．
I do not want to see her，or anything．
Pay，or else（=otherwise you will get into trouble）．
1．相反连词可连接单词或短语：
a．He is poor（形容词）but honest（形容词）．（but可连接任何词类）
He works slowly（副词）but steadily（副词）．
He is a millionaire（名词），but then（or but on the other hand）a drunkard（名词）．
1277 2．相反连词也可连接相反分句：
b．He is young，but（yet）he is prudent．（微微相反）
He is young；however，he is prudent（或he is，howev－er，prudent．或he is prudent，however．）
He is young．He is prudent，though．（口语说法）
c．Everyone was against him，still（or but still，yet）hestood firm．（强烈相反）
He has faults，nevertheless（or nonetheless，for allthat，with all that，in spite of all that，notwithstanding all that，all the same）I love him．
He has faults，but I love him all（or just）the same.
He has faults．After all（or Anyway）I don't mind．
d.Indeed（or Certainly，Undoubtedly，To be sure）hehas faults，but we respect him．（先认定，后对比）（It is）True，he has faults. Still we respect him．He has faults all right，but don't you have faults，too？
e．We respect him，only（＝though）he has some faults．
He writes well，only he uses too many difficult words．
He writes well．He uses too many difficult words，though.
f．I am not idle.（But）On the contrary（or Far fromthat），I am very busy.（第一句中有一否定句）
The child is not at all dumb．Rather，he's very clever．He did not succeed；rather（or instead，on the contrary），he failed long ago．
He made no mistakes. Contrariwise（or Conversely），his work was excellent．
Not that he is lazy，but that he can't find a job．He says I am idle（or，I am idle？）On the contrary，I am very busy．（暗含否定意义）
3．相反连词连接对比分句：
g．I thought it was gold，whereas it is brass.（对比）Wise men love truth，whereas fools hate it．
Poor men earn too little，while rich men spend too much．
Winter is cold，while summer is hot．
He loves music，as（＝while）his sister loves dancing．He loves music，as who does not？
John never smokes，as why should he？
On（the）one hand he loves her，（and）on the other she hates him．
Here doctors try to save lives，（and）there soldiers tryto destroy them．
h．Now he was excited，now he was quiet．
Now he sat down，（and）then（or again，next mo－ment）he walked up and down．
Now he cried，（and）then he laughed．
Sometimes（or At times）the cold wind blew through the windows，（and）sometimes（or at times）the oil lamp appeared bluish．
（At）One time（or moment，minute）she seems to love me，and（at）another（or the next）she seems to neglect me．
3：推论连词，亦称“so连词”，表示“按理推论”。 1．推论连词很少连接单词或短语： a．All his wealth，therefore，all his happiness，came to noth－ing． He did everything patiently，（and） therefore success－fully． He is honest，and consequently reliable． 推论连词多连接分句： 4： b．The wind blew hard（cause），therefore（or owing tothese circumstances）many huts were damaged．（后果） Beggars are numerous in this city（reason），therefore（or for this reason）the government must do some－thing for them.（结论） All men are mortal（ground）；kings are men；therefore（or on this ground）all kings are mortal．（结论） We must educate our children（purpose），therefore（orfor this purpose）we set up schools．（手段） c．I have not enough money，so I cannot buy it．（so和therefore用法相同） They have different ideas，thus（=so）they don't a－gree. Have you worked hard？Then（or In that case） youmust be very tired． “I want to go now．”“Then take the umbrella withyou.” I had agreed to go；accordingly（＝as an expected con－clusion）I made preparations for the journey． They neglected their lessons；consequently（=as anunavoidable result）they failed．（第二分句受到强调） They neglected their lessons；that was why they failed． （第一分句受到强调） He is selfish，hence he has no friends．
He always wears a blue shirt；hence his nickname“Blue”.
He is lazy and dishonest；hence his failure．
d．He has made serious mistakes．He has lost all his friends.In a word（or In short，In brief，In sum，In con－clusion），he is dead．
Joan was sick．In short．she had no warm dress to wearand therefore caught cold．
Jan had to meet her boyfriend．To conclude（or To sumup），the picnic had to be cancelled．
5：唯一的解释连词为for，表示原因或理由，它只连接分句：
Leaves are turning yellow，for it is now autumn．
John has made much progress，for he is polite now．
Let us go to bed，for it is already eleven．
He is unable to sit up，（for）he is so ill．（若后面有so，such这类词时，for可以省略。）
He fired me immediately，（for） he was so angry．
All were killed，（for）they had such a terrible accident.
6：有些列举连词列出所有细节：
He has been in four European countries，namely（or towit，viz.，that is，that is to say，i．e．），France，Ger-many，Spain and Greece．（这些连词可以连接单词或词组。洼意前后使用了两个逗号，但i．e．只在前面有一个逗号。）
He has to maintain a big family，that is，fifteen per－sons.
This drug is to be taken 3 times a day，that is，at 6 a．m.，at 2 p.m.，at 10 p．m．
Every man has a great enemy，namely，himself．
He has his tactics in life，that is，to be always on the of-fensive.
He was assassinated last night，that is，a new dynasty iscoming．（that is 可连接一个分句）
All is quiet on the western front．That is（to say），wehave won the war.
2．有些列举连词只列出部分细节：
He has been in ten European countries，such as（or as，like）France and Spain．（只在连词前用一逗号，后面不用。）
Some friends of mine study agriculture—for example（or for instance ）John.（for example或for instance也可放在John的后面）
You can meet him anywhere—at a teahouse，for exam-ple．
We must be careful in using prepositions，e．g．with，inand for.
We must learn some foreign languages，（let us）say
Spanish．（say和let us say都不是连词，是独立的插句，意思是“例如说”。）
Can I buy it for，say ＄ 10？
Can we master the violin in，let us say，twenty years？
“How”may be used in an exclamatory sentence；as（ore．g.，thus），“How hot it is！”，“How fast time passes！”（这三个连词不须连接同等级的词）
Marriage does not solve all problems in life．For example（or For instance），John has even more problems tosolve after he got married．（或John，for example，has…）（这里for example和for instance用来连接两个句子）
在下面句子中，for example和for instance是独立词组，不是并列连词：
Lucille，for example，is always very considerate．
In the morning，for example，you can practise singing．
There in China，for instance，people ride bicycles，butnot drive cars or go on foot.
Here you can drive，for instance，at 60 miles per hour．
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