初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导
Ⅰ.题型介绍
Ⅱ.题型分类
从形式上看,有如下几种形式:
①
②
③
④
从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:
①
②
③
Ⅲ.具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如:
2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
二、同义句转换
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有:
(1)四个“花费”(spend—take—cost—take);
(2)三个“到达”(get to—reach—arrive in/at);
(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from—get a letter from—receive a letter from—have a letter from);
(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at —do well in);
(5)两个“有空”(be free—have time);
(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep—get to sleep—fall asleep);
(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself—have a good time);
(8)“给…打电话”(call sb—telephone sb—ring sb. a call—make a telephone to sb.)
(9)“飞往…”(fly to…—go to…by air/plane)
(10)“自学”(teach oneself—learn…by oneself)
(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help… (to)do…
(12)在…差be weak in…—do badly in…
(13)能/会…can—be able to
(14)更喜欢…like…better than…—prefer…to…
(15)充满了…be full of…—be filled with…
(16)放弃干…give up doing…—stop doing…
(17)不再… no longer—not …any longer
(18)照顾/保管 take care of…—look after
(19)展览 on show—on display
(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing—keep/prevent…from doing…
(21)由于 thanks to—because of…
(22)举手hands up—put up one’s hands
(23)最后,终于at last—in the end
(24)与…不同 be different from…—be not the same as…
(25)从…借入… borrow…from…—lend…to…
(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi—take a bus /train/taxi to…
(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike—ride a bike to…
(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…—be the pride of…
(29)步行去… walk to…—go to…on foot
(30)独自地by oneself —alone等。
(31)多于,超过over = more than
例如:
B:The children enjoyed themselves in the park.
3、反义词之间的转换
常见的反义词或反义词组有:
(1)catch up with/fall behind
(2)the same as/different from
例如:
Tom borrowed a story book from the boy just now.
4、运用派生词或多义词改写:
如:
The snow was heavy last night.(改写同义句)=It snowed heavily last night.
The rain was heavy yesterday evening. =It ______ _______ yesterday evening.
5、同义句型之间的转化
常见的同义句型有:
①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n
②It’s kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do…
③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或What’s the meaning of…?
④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with…
⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换
⑥What’s wrong with…?→What’s the matter with…?
⑦How is…?→What’s…like…?
⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?
⑧It’s time that…→It’s time for sb. to do…
⑨It’s said that…→People say that…
⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?
例如:
6、if引导的条件状语从句的转化
例如:
7、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中,结束性动词不能与时间段连用,必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有:
buy—have,
join—be in+组织/be a +成员,
arrive in/ get to/ come/go to—be in/at,
例如:
The old man died five months ago.-----The old man has been dead since five months ago.
-----The old man has been dead for five months.
-----It’s five months since the old man died.
-----Five months has passed since the old man died.
8、简单句与复合句之间的转换
①
例如:
由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构
例如:
②
例如:
例如
③ 由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to do或…enough to do……
例如:
④由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do
例如:
⑤ 由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of…
例如:
⑥ 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语
例如:
The man who is driving the red car is my boss.-----------The man driving the red car is my boss.
9、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;not only…but also…连句
例如:
B:Tom is good at both maths and French.
A:.He hasn’t been to France..
B:____ he _____I ______ been to France.
注意:neither…nor…, either…or…和not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。
10、形容词、副词二级之间的转化
not...so/as...=
比较级+than any other+单数名词
例如:
Chinese is the most important subject of all.---------Chinese is more important than any other subject.
This exercise is easier than the other two.--------------This exercise is the easiest of the three.
John is the tallest student in his class. -------John is ______than ____ _____ _____in his class.
11、it 做形式主语的转换
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