2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）解析（2）
英 语
第三部分 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
D
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
【文章大意】本文从地理状况、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国，让我们对这个美丽的国家有更进一步的了解。
68. What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?
A. How the Irish fought against the English.
B. How Ireland gained independence.
C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D. How two “Irelands” came into being.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读第一段可知，本段介绍了爱尔兰共和国(The Republic of Ireland)及北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)的由来，故D项正确。
69. We learn from the text that in Ireland .
A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
【解析】选A。细节理解题。通读第二段可知，十九世纪四十年代，由于主要农作物土豆受病害影响及本国工作机会缺乏，大量爱尔兰人移往其它国家，使爱尔兰人口下降，故A项正确。B项中人们移往城市并非是由于农村缺少工作机会；文章中并没有对比城市和乡村生活的难易；D项错误在于all，并非全部的爱尔兰歌谣都使用乐器。
70. The last paragraph is mainly about .
A. the Irish character B. Irish culture
C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章末段从爱尔兰民族习性、音乐、语言及文学等方面介绍了爱尔兰民族文化，故B项正确。A、C、D各项虽都提及，但都是细节。
71. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Life in Ireland
B. A Very Difficult History
C. Ireland, Past and Present
D. The Independence of Ireland
【解析】选C。文章标题题。通读全文可知，本文从地理状况、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国的过去及现在，故C项最为全面。
E
George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):
“We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”
“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”
“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”
【文章大意】文章介绍了George Prochnik的新著Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise
和他的观点：在喧嚣的世界中创造一方不太纷扰的环境，这个世界会更美好。
72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. to be quiet B. to be colorful
C. to be full of love D. to be attentive to someone
【解析】选A。词义理解题。根据第二段作者的观点Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇的silence, 故选A项。
73. What does Prochnik say about us?
A. We are used to quietness
B. We have to put up with noise
C. We do not think silence to be beneficial
D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判断得出，我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，寂静才是我们的追求，故选择C项。
74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?
A. We need more sounds in our lives
B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf
C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is
D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章末段If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us.... It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知C项正确。A项和作者的观点相反；根据We in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知B项错误；根据During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者赞赏the smallest sounds，故D项错误。
75. It can be inferred from the text that .
A. we can benefit a lot from old people
B. it is a good idea to use sign language
C. there is no escape from the world of sound
D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound
【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，作者提倡我们创造一个不太纷扰的环境，果真如此，这个世界是很美好的，据此D项正确。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our schools should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We’re likely to accept something we are told, but that’s not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food (垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students on these? We can’t. But that’s not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
Title
Very Useful(76)Teaching/Education/Schooling
Introduction
Education should be a (77) preparation for life.
Advice
Important things should be taught in (78)school(s)
Teaching
(79)Contents/contents
/Subjects/subjects/
Topics/topics
●How to behave(80)politely/properly/well
●The basic skill of(81)managing money
●How to(82)think in a critical way
●How to keep(83)healthy/fit
●The rights and responsibilities one has in (84)society
Conclusion
Children should be taught what (85) life is and how to deal with it.
【文章大意】本文意在说明教育的功能，及我们在教育过程中应该注意的方面。
76. Teaching/Education/Schooling
【解析】捕捉信息题。由文章第一段可知答案。本空只要和“教育”含义有关的词汇皆可。
77. preparation
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子the function of education is to prepare us for life可知答案。答此题时注意空前有冠词a，故应用名词preparation
78. school(s)
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子Here is what our schools should teach可知答案。答此题时注意单复数皆可。
79. Contents/contents/Subjects/subjects/Topics/topics
【解析】捕捉信息题。句子Here is what our schools should teach以下各段分别说明教育的“内容，科目”等，本空只要切合这个含义皆可。
80. politely/properly/well
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子Politeness is a mark of civilization可知答案。注意本空应根据Politeness选择含义；根据behave选择副词形式。
81. managing
【解析】捕捉信息题。根据第三段we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning内容可知答案。注意此空前的介词of，故填managing。
82. think
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking可知答案。注意此空前的不定式to，故填think。
83. healthy/fit
【解析】捕捉信息题。由文章第五段内容可知答案。注意此空在keep后面，只要是“健康的”含义皆可。
84. society
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities可知答案。
85. life
【解析】捕捉信息题。由句子This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it可知答案。
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、短文中不能出现本人相关信息。
One possible version
My Approach to Difficulties in Learning
As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine.
When I am faced with a difficulty, usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.
However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes, I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
