Kisigo, G.A., Ngocho, J.S., Mwamba, R.N. et al. HIV Stigmatizing Attitudes Among Men Accompanying Their Partners to Antenatal Care in Tanzania: A Mixed-Method Study. AIDS Behav 25, 3172–3182 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03264-2
坦桑尼亚陪产男性艾滋病污名化的态度、影响因素
HIV相关病耻感是预防和治疗艾滋病成功与否的关键。病耻感对艾滋病检测、治疗及感染死亡等整个过程的护理产生负面的影响。（总结句）病耻感会导致人们避免检测，而被诊断为艾滋病的人可能会避免或推迟治疗。此外，病耻感还会阻碍患者向性伴侣等坦白，进而增加传播的风险。与此同时，病耻感的社会批判和歧视等态度还会导致患者治疗依从性较差。因此，探讨HIV相关病耻感是消除艾滋病问题的关键。
This mixed-method study aimed to describe HIV stigmatizing attitudes, identify factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes, and explore the broader context of HIV stigma among men accompanying their pregnant female partners to antenatal care in Tanzania.
本研究采用混合研究设计探讨坦桑尼亚陪产男性艾滋病污名化的态度、影响因素及更广泛的病耻感内涵。
The study recruited 480 men who were attending a first antenatal care appointment with their pregnant female partners. Participants completed a structured survey; a subset of 16 men completed in-depth interviews.
研究共招募480名男性，他们为首次陪同伴侣进行产检。参与者完成了一项在线结构性调查，并有目的性的选择了16名参与者进行深度访谈。
The majority of participants endorsed at least one of the stigmatizing attitudes; the most common attitude endorsed was the perception that HIV is a punishment for bad behaviour. In a multivariable logistic analysis, men were more likely to endorse stigmatizing attitudes if they were younger, less educated, Muslim, did not know anyone with HIV, or reported less social support. In the qualitative interviews, men discussed how HIV was antithetical to masculine identities related to respect, strength, independence, and emotional control. Future studies should develop and test interventions to address HIV stigmatizing attitudes among men, taking advantage of settings of routine HIV testing. These programs should be tailored to reflect masculine ideals that perpetuate stigma.
（1）大多数人(72%，n = 350)支持至少一种污名化的态度。在指责和判断（Blame and judgement）领域，最普遍认可的项目是:艾滋病毒是对不良行为的惩罚(37%，n=176)，艾滋病毒携带者一定是做了错事才感染的(28%，n=134)。在人际距离态度（Interpersonal distancing）领域，最普遍认可的项目是:不希望艾滋病毒携带者照顾他们的孩子(28%，n=134)，不希望他们的孩子与艾滋病毒携带者或父母携带艾滋病毒的孩子玩耍(27%，n=133)。
（2）回归分析显示，如果男性更年轻，受教育程度更低，穆斯林，不认识任何艾滋病毒感染者，或报告的社会支持更少，他们更倾向于对艾滋病患者表现污名化的态度。
（3）在定性访谈中，男性讨论了艾滋病毒是如何与尊重、力量、独立和情绪控制的男性身份相对立的。未来的研究应该开发和测试干预措施，以解决男性对艾滋病的污名化态度，利用常规艾滋病毒检测的环境。
