[1] Max Weber, Gesammelte Aufsa¨tze zur Religionssoziologie (Tu¨bingen:Mohr, 1947), p.278.[2] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by MaxRheinstein, Translated by Edward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon& Schuster, 1967), p.5.[3] Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif: StanfordUniversity Press, 1996), p.229.[4] Max Weber,Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated by Edward Shilsand Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.77.[5] Max Weber,Economy and Society, edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich(Berkeley:University of California Press, 1968), p.1063.[6] See Max Weber, Economy and Society, edited by Guenther Roth andClaus Wittich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968), chap 8.[7] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.xliv.[8] See Derk Bodde; Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases(Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.103.[9] See Derk Bodde; Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases(Cambridge,Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.28.[10] See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).[11] See David Buxbaum,“Some Aspects of Civil Procedure and Practice atthe Trial. Level in Tanshui and Hsinchu from 1789 to 1895.” Journal of AsianStudies30 (2): 255-79; also See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China.(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), p.48.[12] See Derk Bodde; Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplifiedby 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967),p.118.[13] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p. 25, p. 79, p. 80.[14] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p. 226.[15] Zheng Qin, “Pursuing Perfection: Formation of the Ch’ing Code”,Modern China 21 (3): 323.[16] William C. Jones, The Great Qing Code (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1994), p.24.[17] William C. Jones, The Great Qing Code (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1994), p.187.[18] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited withan introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated by Edward Shils and MaxRheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.232.[19] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.236.[20] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.225.[21] See Zheng Qin, Qing law: The formation of statutes and substatutes and their application, Paper presented at the Conference on Code andPractice in Chinese Law, University of California, Los Angeles, 1993, August 8–10;also SeeZheng Qin, “Pursuing Perfection: Formation of the Ch’ing Code”, ModernChina 21 (3): 340;Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.66.[22] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.79.[23] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases(Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.67.[24] See Derk Bodde;ClarenceMorris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.70.[25] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.81.[26] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.244.[27] See Mark A. Allee, Law and Local Society in Late Imperial China:Northern Taiwan in the Nineteenth Century (Stanford, Calif: Stanford UniversityPress, 1994), p.229.[28] See Mark A. Allee, Law and Local Society in Late Imperial China:Northern Taiwan in the Nineteenth Century (Stanford, Calif: Stanford UniversityPress, 1994), p.219.[29] Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing Dynasty Cases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.174.[30] Ch’u Tung-tsu, Local Government in China under the Ch’ing(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1969), p.340.[31] Ch’u Tung-tsu, Local Government in China under the Ch’ing (Stanford,Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1969), p.193;also See Chen ChangFu-mei, “On Analogy in Ch’ing Law.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30: 207.[32] See Konrad Zweigert;Hein Ko¨tz., Introduction to Comparative Law (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1998), p.245.[33] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.78.[34] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.86.[35] Zheng Qin, “Pursuing Perfection: Formation of the Ch’ing Code”, ModernChina 21 (3): 341.[36] William C. Jones, The Great Qing Code (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1994), p.74.[37] See Zheng Qin, “Pursuing Perfection: Formation of the Ch’ing Code”, ModernChina 21 (3): 335.[38] See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), p.176.[39] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), pp.113-122; also SeeMark A. Allee, Law and Local Society in Late Imperial China: Northern Taiwan in the Nineteenth Century(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994), p.232; Geoffrey MacCormack, TheSpirit of Traditional Chinese Law (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996),p.173.[40] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.116; also See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996),p.165.[41] Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), p.165.[42] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.136.[43] See Ch’u Tung-tsu, Local Government in China under the Ch’ing(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1969), p.340.[44] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p.5.[45] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp. 204-205.[46] William P. Alford, “Of Arsenic and Old Laws: Looking Anew at Criminal Justicein LateImperial China.”California Law Review72 (6): 1184.[47] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), chaps.6,7.[48] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.181.[49] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.108, p. 235.[50] See John R.Watt, The District Magistrate in Late Imperial China(New York: Columbia University Press, 1972), p.227.[51] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.225.[52] See Derk Bodde;Clarence Morris, Law in Imperial China, Exemplified by 190 Ch’ing DynastyCases (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 28.[53] See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), pp.199-200.[54] Ernest Alabaster, Notes and Commentaries on Chinese Criminal Law(Taipei: Ch’eng Wen, 1968), p.xliv.[55] William P. Alford, “Of Arsenic and Old Laws: Looking Anew at Criminal Justicein LateImperial China.” California Law Review72 (6): 1214.[56] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.62.[57] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.277.[58] Zheng Qin, “Pursuing Perfection: Formation of the Ch’ing Code”, ModernChina 21 (3): 332.[59] See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), p.238.[60] See William C. Jones, The Great Qing Code (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1994), p.16, p.22.[61] See Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with an introduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated byEdward Shils and Max Rheinstein (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.354.[62] See Philip C. Huang, Civil Justice in China. (Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press, 1996), p.107.[63] Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with anintroduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated by Edward Shils and Max Rheinstein(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.80.[64] See Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), p. 173.[65] Geoffrey MacCormack, The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), p. 271.[66] See William C. Jones, The Great Qing Code (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1994), pp.18-22.[67] See Max Weber, Economy and Society, edited by Guenther Roth andClaus Wittich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968), pp.1464-1464.[68] See Max Weber, Economy and Society, edited by Guenther Roth andClaus Wittich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968), p.978.[69] Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with anintroduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated by Edward Shils and Max Rheinstein(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.xliv.[70] Roscoe Pound, Interpretations of Legal History (New York:macmillan, 1923), p.121.[71] Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence: The Philosophy and Method of theLaw (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974), pp.115-116.[72] Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence: The Philosophy and Method of theLaw (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974), p.391.[73] Konrad Zweigert;Hein Ko¨tz., Introduction to Comparative Law (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1998), p.141.[74] Max Weber, Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society, edited with anintroduction by Max Rheinstein, Translated by Edward Shils and Max Rheinstein(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p.354.