Germany Has Created the World’s First Ethical Guidelines for Driverless Cars
德国为无人驾驶汽车制定了全球第一个伦理指南
These robots are going to have to make some tough choices.
这些机器人要做出些艰难的选择了。
Have you ever swerved dangerously when driving to avoid hitting a chipmunk, raccoon, or a turtle? I have, and there's always that moment afterwards where you realize that maybe it wasn't the safest decision.
你在开车时有没有过非常危险的猛打方向盘以避免撞上一只花栗鼠，浣熊或者一只乌龟？我有过，而且事后你总会意识到那或许不是一个最安全的做法。
Those split-second choices are when driving becomes dangerous and difficult, and it's why the German government has now released the world's first ethical guidelines for how driverless cars should handle such decisions. They include prioritizing human safety over protecting animals or property, and always allowing the human driver to supercede the program's decisions.
那些瞬间的选择总出现在危险和困难来临时，这也促使了德国政府颁布了全球一个无人驾驶汽车遇到类似情景时如何判断行动的伦理指南，其中，包括保护人类安全优先于动物或财产安全，而且永远允许人类驾驶者取代机器驾驶。
"It will not be possible to prevent accidents completely," reads the report, which was published by the Ethics Commission at the German Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. "This makes it essential that decisions be taken when programming the software of highly and fully automated driving systems."
指南由德国交通与数字化基础设施部的伦理委员会颁布，“不可能制止所有意外的发生，”报道指出，“旨在为全自动无人驾驶汽车制作程序时，以此做为基本依据。”
The report details 15 rules for designing driverless car systems to prioritize "safety, human dignity, personal freedom of choice and data autonomy," according to Udo Di Fabio, a former judge and head of the ethics commission. The rules state that driverless cars should strive to minimize harm to humans, including driving defensively and anticipating possible hazards. The cars must "be programmed to accept damage to animals or property in a conflict if this means that personal injury can be prevented," and are prohibited from making decisions about human safety based on "age, gender, physical or mental constitution."
报道讲述了关于无人驾驶汽车系统设计的15条规定，要优先考虑“安全，人类尊严，个人自由的选择权和数据的自主管理。”Udo Di Fabio说。他是一名前法官和伦理委员会的负责人。规则说自动驾驶汽车的目标是要把对人身伤害最小化，即使是它在防御性驾驶及提防不安全情况时。在可能发生冲突时，这些车的编程必须优先考虑人身安全，接受对动物和财物的损失，且在做出有关人身安全的决定时，禁止以年龄，性别，身体或精神状况为考虑因素。
If the choice is between damaging a fence and killing the driver, it's clear why the commission wants to prioritize people over property or animals. But what about less black-and-white decisions? What about when it's between killing a pedestrian or killing the driver? In these cases—a point of ongoing debate as driverless technology advances—even the commission was stumped, and said the system should defer to human decision.
如果是在撞坏一个篱笆、还是伤害驾驶人之间选择，就很清楚的了解为什么委员会要以人类利益而优先，而非动物或财产优先。但如果不是这样一个非黑即白的简单抉择呢？如果是要在伤害一名路人、还是伤害乘车人当中做出选择呢？此类案例中——鉴于这种争论会随着无人驾驶技术的不断发展而不断展开——即使是委员会也会被难住，且系统要依人类的决定而决定。
"Genuine dilemmatic decisions, such as a decision between one human life and another, depend on the actual specific situation, incorporating 'unpredictable' behaviour by parties affected," the report reads. "They can thus not be clearly standardized, nor can they be programmed such that they are ethically unquestionable."
“在两条人命之间选择，真是两难的决定，这完全要看当时的具体状况，包括当事双方”无法预知“的行为，”报道写道。“因此他们不能被完全的标准化，也不能被程序设定，因为从伦理的角度上讲，他们都没有错。”
Many German-based companies, such as BMW and Volkswagen, are investing heavily in autonomous vehicles, including cars and transport trucks, so the government has been hastening to get guidelines in place so that tests can advance quickly and safely.
许多德国汽车公司，如宝马和大众，对无人驾驶汽车都投入了巨资，包括小汽车和运输用的大卡车，因此政府要加速制定这个指南，从而让汽车测试又快又安全地推进。
Driverless cars are now being tested on roadways in Europe and the US (the latter has some regulations for driverless cars, but not about ethical choices). Be prepared: if you someday find yourself behind the wheel of a self-driving car, you might not like the decisions in makes when it comes to critter crossings.
目前，无人驾驶汽车在欧洲和美国都在进行路上测试（后者已制定了一些无人驾驶汽车的规则，但不包括伦理选择）。做好准备吧：如果有一天你坐在一辆无人驾驶汽车，你很可能因无法决定要救谁而烦恼。
重点单词汇总
ethical：伦理的，道德的
prioritizing ：按照重要性排列，优先排序
black-and-white decisions：黑白分明的决定，非黑即白的决定，简单的决定
split-second choice：瞬间的选择
ongoing debate：持续的辩论
in place ：到位，准备就绪
联系客服
