Heart surgery survival chances 'better in the afternoon’
心脏手术在下午做，存活机会高。
Open heart surgery appears to be safer in the afternoon because of the body's internal clock, scientists have said.
科学家说，由于身体内部的时钟的缘故，心脏手术在下午做更安全一些。
survival chances
存活机会
The body clock - or circadian rhythm - is the reason we want to sleep at night, but it also drives huge changes in the way our bodies work.
生物钟—或者昼夜节律—是我们晚上想睡觉的原因，同时，它对我们身体如何运转也产生着很大的影响。
The research, published in the Lancet, suggests the heart is stronger and better able to withstand surgery in the afternoon than the morning.
这项发表在《The Lancet》（编注：英国医学协会周刊）上的研究表明，心脏在下午比早上更强壮, 更能够经受住手术。
withstand：经受，承受，禁得起; 反抗;
And it says the difference is not down to surgeons being tired in the morning.
它说, 这个不同并不归咎于手术医生在早上疲倦。
down to：归咎于
surgeon: 手术医生
Doctors need to stop the heart to perform operations including heart valve replacements. This puts the organ under stress as the flow of oxygen to the heart tissue is reduced.
医生做手术时，包括心脏瓣膜置换术，需要先停止心脏跳动然后进行手术。 这使流向心肌组织的氧气减少导致心脏承受压力。
heart valve replacement：心脏瓣膜置换术
The doctors and researchers looked for complications including heart attacks, heart failure or death after surgery. They found:
54 out of 298 morning patients had adverse events
28 out of 298 afternoon patients had adverse events
Afternoon patients had around half the risk of complications
医生和研究人员寻找的是手术并发症, 包括心脏病发作, 心力衰竭或手术后死亡。他们发现:
298 上午患者中有54不良事件
298下午患者有28不良事件
下午患者有并发症的风险大约是上午患者的一半
complication：[医] 并发症
adverse event：不良事件
One of those involved in the research, Prof Bart Staels, from the Institut Pasteur de Lille, told the BBC News website: "We don't want to frighten people from having surgery - it's life saving.”
参与研究的人之一, 来自Institut Pasteur de Lille的Bart Staels教授告诉BBC 新闻网站上说: “我们不想吓唬人们不做手术— 手术是拯救生命的。”
frighten：吓唬
He also said it would be impossible for hospitals to conduct surgery only after lunch.
他还说，要医院只在午饭后才能进行手术是不可能的。
But Prof Staels added: "If we can identify patients at highest risk, they will definitely benefit from being pushed into the afternoon and that would be reasonable.”
但 Staels 教授补充道: "如果我们能够筛选出高危患者, 他们肯定会受益于下午进行手术。这个做法是合理的。“
highest risk：高危险的，高风险的
benefit from doing sth.：从某某做法中受益
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been shown to increase the risk of complications after surgery.
肥胖症和2型糖尿病已被证明，会增加手术后并发症的风险。
obesity：肥胖症
diabetes：糖尿病
Heart health is already known to fluctuate over the course of a day.
我们已经知道，心脏的健康在一天的过程中，是会有起伏波动的。
fluctuate：波动; 涨落;
The risk of a heart attack or stroke is highest first thing in the morning, while the heart and lungs work at their peak in the afternoon.
早晨刚起床时是心脏病发作或中风的风险最高的时候, 而心脏和肺部的工作最佳状态是在下午。
stroke：中风
Dr John O'Neill, from the UK Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology, said: "Scientifically it is not hugely surprising, because just like every other cell in the body, heart cells have circadian rhythms that orchestrate their activity.
来自英国医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室的John O’Neil博士说: “从科学角度上说, 这（个发现）并不令人惊讶, 因为就像身体里的其他细胞一样, 心脏细胞也有昼夜节律来协调它们的运作。“
circadian rhythm：昼夜节律
orchestrate ：精心策划
"Our cardiovascular system has the greatest output around mid/late-afternoon, which explains why professional athletes usually record their best performances around this time.”
"我们的心血管系统在中下午的输出量是最大的, 这就是为什么职业运动员在这段时间里通常创下他们的最佳成绩。”
cardiovascular：心血管的;
Other possible explanations for the findings included surgeons being tired in the morning or their own body clock affecting their surgical skill, particularly if they are not "morning people”.
这个发现的其他可能的解释还包括，手术的医生在早晨也会感到疲乏，抑或他们自己不是那种早晨状态就很好的人，他们自己的生物钟也会影响在手术中的发挥。
morning people：晨鸟、晨型人
But Prof Staels said the researchers had gone to great lengths to show that the difference in survival rates was not down to the surgeons.
但 Staels 教授表示, 研究人员已经煞费苦心地证明, 存活率的差异并不在于手术医生。
great lengths：不遗余力; 竭尽全力
survival rates：存活率
The French team also experimented on cardiac tissue samples from patients and showed they beat more readily in the afternoon.
法国研究小组还试验了病人的心脏组织样本, 表明他们在下午更容易起搏。
cardiac tissue：心脏组织; 心肌组织;
And an analysis of the DNA in the samples found 287 genes whose activity showed a circadian rhythm - waxing and waning during the day.
对样本中的 DNA 进行分析发现, 287 基因的活动表现出昼夜节律—一天之内起起伏伏。
waxing and waning：[医]消长变化（如脑电图曲线升降表现）;
They then moved into mice and used experimental drugs to alter the activity of one of those genes and seemed to be able to reduce the risk of death.
然后他们转移到老鼠身上, 用实验药物改变其中一个基因的活动, 这个改变看似能够减少死亡的风险。
alter：改变
Prof Staels said: "We believe we have identified a potential way to circumvent the disturbing observation that operations in the morning lead to more complications.”
Staels 教授说: "我们认为, 我们已经确定了一种潜在的方法来解决这个令人不安的现象, 那就是早晨的手术会导致更多的并发症。
circumvent：避免;
However, that will require more research to confirm.
然而, 这将需要更多的研究来证实。
The researchers are also investigating whether circadian rhythms have an impact on survival in other types of surgery.
研究人员还在调查昼夜节律对其他类型手术的存活率是否有影响。
impact：影响
联系客服
