Modern urban design is literally killing us, say experts
专家说，现代城市设计正在杀死我们
Urban design wiped out sanitation-borne diseases such as cholera in the 19th century, now city planners have to tackle the lack of activity and obesity that are crippling Canada’s healthcare system, say two urban planning experts.
两位城市规划专家说，城市设计在十九世纪消灭了像霍乱这样的通过环境卫生传染疾病，而现在城市规划者必须解决缺乏活动和肥胖症的问题，这些问题严重削弱了加拿大的医疗系统。
cholera：[医]霍乱;虎疫
cripple：使跛;受伤致残;严重削弱;使陷于瘫痪
“The design of our cities can either support or be hindrances to people’s healthy lifestyle choices that we know people are trying to make,” Dr. Karen Lee, CEO of Global Fit Cities told CTV’s Your Morning Friday.
环球健康城市公司的首席执行官Karen Lee博士告诉CTV的《星期五早晨》：“如果我们的城市设计不能支持，便会阻碍人们正在努力做出的健康的生活方式选择。”
hindrance：妨害，障碍;障碍物
It’s essential to build healthy cities since about 27 million Canadians, a full 81 per cent of the country’s population live in urban areas, according to 2011 data from Statistics Canada.
建设健康的城市非常重要。根据加拿大国家统计局的数据显示，有2千7百万加拿大人 - 全国人口的81%生活在城市中。
Lee said cities should be designed to prioritize walking, cycling and transit, offer neighbourhood parks and facilities, bring healthy food amenities close to home and work and build buildings that offer options for exercise and meditation.
Lee说城市的设计应该优先考虑步行、骑车和运输，提供小区公园和设施，让健康食品设施靠近居民和工作区，建造楼房应该为人们提供可供选择的锻炼和冥想场所。
She cited Bogota, Colombia as a city that is doing it right. It has a bus rapid transit system that is considered a world leader and the city closes about 120 km of streets every week to transform them into walking and biking routes.
她指出哥伦比亚的波哥大做的就很好。它有世界是最先进的公交快速通道系统，该城市每周关闭约120公里的街道，并把它们改变成步行道和自行车道。
She said many Latin American cities are showing that major changes don’t have to be expensive.
她说许多拉丁美洲城市都为大家展示了这种不需要花费很多，但却可以带来巨大的改变的方法。
City planning expert Brent Toderian says many cities have bought into the “knee-jerk reaction” that the solution to congestion is building more roads and adding more lanes.
城市规划专家Brent Toderian说，许多城市都受着“条件反射”的影响，一提到交通拥挤就在多修路和拓宽道路。
knee-jerk reaction：膝跳反应;反射性反应;膝跳反射;膝盖反应;本能反应
“The one thing we know about cities and mobility is that won’t solve congestion.”
“有一件事是我们是了解的，修路解决不了城市交通的拥堵。”
congestion：拥挤，堵车
He says new lanes fill up with cars as soon as they are built because they encourage more sprawling development along highway corridors. It’s an expensive, yet failing method, says Toderian, who has advised cities and agencies across Canada and around the world, including Auckland, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Medellin, and New York.
他说一旦新的公路建好，又会挤满了车辆，因为它鼓励了人们顺着高速走廊盲目发展。Toderian说，这是种昂贵且失败的方法。他曾经在加拿大和世界上许多城市和机构给出建议，包括奥克兰，布宜诺斯艾利斯，哥本哈根，麦德林和纽约。
sprawling：蔓延的;杂乱无序伸展的
London, Ont., for instance, found over a 50-year period, that sprawling growth would cost $2.7 billion more in capital costs and $1.7 billion in operating costs than compact growth.
以安大略省的伦敦市为例，建市超过50年，盲目扩建的成本比简单建设的投资多27亿加元，相应的运营成本也多出17亿加元。
But the notion there is a war on the car is a “lazy and political narrative that isn’t even true,” Toderian said.
Toderian说，说到汽车大战，单纯说它是“懒惰和政治谈资”的说法其实都不准确。
“Driving is always going to be part of this conversation but the irony is that if we design cities and regions for cars, they fail for everyone, including drivers, because everybody’s fighting for that finite amount of space and we can’t possibly build enough roads to accommodate it.”
“开车永远是争论的一部分，但具讽刺意味的是，如果我们为车而设计城市和地域，那会让每个人都感到失望，包括开车的人，因为每个人都在为有限的空间而争斗，可我们不可能有足够的空间去满足它。”
Instead, investing more in walking, biking and transit infrastructure replaces car trips with healthier and more environmentally friendly trips that are more socially interactive and move more people at a lower cost using less space.
相反，在步道，自行车道和运输等基础设施上投资，以更健康和更环保的出行方式取代驾车出行，让城市具有更强的社会互动性，让人们能以更低的费用和更少的空间便可以动起来。
“Building more lanes is politically expedient so it often leads to that kind of ribbon-cutting that politicians like but we know it’s expensive and it doesn’t work.”
“修建更多的道路是政治上的权宜之计，结果只会导致政治家喜欢的剪彩仪式，但我们知道那样会花很多钱，但却不见效。”
expedient：adj. 应急有效的，权宜之计的;方便的，便利的，有利的
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