PTSD study: How you feel now influences your recall of past trauma symptom severity
创伤后应激障碍研究：
当下的感觉影响你对过去创伤症状的严重程度的回忆
By ERIC W. DOLAN / Mar. 23, 2019
People’s memory of their own post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is not always consistent over time, according to a new study published in Psychiatry Research. The study found evidence that the recall of past PTSD symptoms is related to current symptom severity.
一项发表在《精神病学研究》杂志上的新研究表明，人们对自己的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的记忆并不总是一致的。研究发现，以往PTSD症状的回忆与当前症状的严重程度有关。
severity.：严重程度
“Over the last five years or so, we have read dozens of papers about how people can remember their traumatic experiences inconsistently over time,” said study author Sasha Nahleen, a PhD candidate at Flinders University and member of Dr. Melanie Takarangi’s Forensic and Clinical Cognition Lab.
“在过去五年左右的时间里，我们曾经阅读了几十篇关于人们如何随着时间变化对他们的创伤经历的不同的回忆的论文，”说这话的人是研究报告作者、弗林德斯大学博士候选人、梅兰妮·塔卡兰基博士的法医和临床认知实验室的成员萨沙·纳赫林。
traumatic：外伤的，创伤的
Forensic：法庭的，法院的
“For example, when veterans are asked soon after returning home, and again years later, about whether they experienced certain trauma events during their deployment, they often report having experienced more events at the second time-point compared to the first. However, we noticed pretty quickly that there were significantly fewer studies about whether people remember their own trauma-related symptoms and distress consistently over time.”
“例如，当退伍军人回国后不久，以及几年后再次被问及他们在部队部署期间是否经历过某些创伤事件时，他们经常在第二时间点报告所经历的事件比第一时间点更多。然而，我们很快注意到，关于人们是否会随着时间的推移一直记得自己的创伤相关症状和痛苦的研究明显减少。”
deployment：部署，调度
In the study, the researchers asked 410 sexual assault survivors to report their PTSD symptoms and then recall them 6 months later.
在这项研究中，研究人员要求410名性侵犯受害者报告他们的创伤后应激障碍症状，然后在6个月后召回他们。
“In our study, female participants were first asked to report their trauma-related symptoms including 1) persistent re-experiencing of trauma, for example through unwanted memories, flashbacks, and nightmares, 2) avoidance of thoughts or reminders of the trauma, 3) negative thoughts or feelings such as exaggerated feelings of self-blame and isolation, and 4) increased reactivity such as being extra vigilant. Six months later, participants were asked to recall those symptoms,” Nahleen explained.
“在我们的研究中，首先要求女性参与者报告他们与创伤相关的症状，包括：1）持续的创伤再体验，例如经历不堪回首的记忆、闪回和噩梦；2）避免对创伤的思考或提醒；3）消极的想法或感觉，如夸大的自责感和自我孤立，以及4）反应过大，如格外警惕。六个月后，参与者被要求回忆这些症状，”纳赫林解释说。
exaggerate：夸大
The researchers observed a small but statistically significant decrease in PTSD severity over time. Participants who did not meet the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis at the six month follow-up tended to recall fewer symptoms than they initially reported. But the opposite was true among participants who were PTSD-positive — they recalled experiencing more symptoms than initially reported.
研究人员观察到，随着时间的推移，创伤后应激障碍的严重程度略有下降，但具有统计学意义。在为期6个月的随访中，不符合创伤后应激障碍诊断标准的参与者往往比最初报告的症状要少。但是，在PTSD阳性的参与者中，情况恰恰相反——他们回忆所经历的症状比最初陈述的要多。
tatistically significant：统计学意义重大
criteria：（判定的）标准，准则
“Overall, we found that people may draw on how they feel now when they are trying to remember their past reactions to trauma. Specifically, people who are not very distressed by their trauma may remember experiencing fewer symptoms in the past than they initially reported. On the other hand, people who are distressed by their trauma, may remember experiencing more symptoms in the past than they initially reported,” Nahleen told PsyPost.
“总的来说，我们发现，当人们试图回忆过去对创伤的反应时，他们可能会凭借当下的感受。具体来说，那些没有受到创伤困扰的人可能所记忆的前段时间的症状比最初报告的要少。另一方面，那些受创伤困扰的人可能所记得的过去经历过比最初报告的症状要多很多，”纳赫林告诉psypost。
draw on：利用，凭借
The study includes some limitations. The researchers were unable to account for some factors that could have influenced the results.
这项研究包括一些局限性。研究人员无法解释一些可能影响结果的因素。纳赫林说。
“Like other studies in this area, we could not corroborate participants’ reported trauma and trauma-related symptoms. For practical reasons, we also did not measure all the factors that could influence symptom severity and memory after trauma, such as experiencing other trauma events, traumatic brain injury, levels of cognitive functioning and so on,” Nahleen said.
“与该领域的其他研究一样，我们无法证实参与者报告的创伤和创伤相关症状。出于实际原因，我们也没有测定所有可能影响创伤后症状严重程度和记忆的因素，例如经历其他创伤事件、创伤性脑损伤、认知功能水平等。
corroborate：确证
“Our findings have important implications because they show that people may remember their own trauma-related symptoms inconsistently over time. In the future, we aim to investigate the clinical implications of our findings such as whether it would be useful for clinicians to gather additional corroborating reports of symptoms where possible and sensitively discuss with clients that past symptom severity may not always be as severe as they remember.”
“我们的发现具有重要意义，因为它们表明，随着时间的推移，人们可能会对自己创伤症状的记忆有不一致。在未来，我们的目标是调查我们这一发现的临床意义，例如，如果可能的话，临床医生是否有助于收集更多的症状确证报告，并与客户小心地讨论过去的症状严重性可能并不总是如他们所记得的那么严重。”
implication：含义
The study, “Current PTSD symptomatology distorts memory for past symptoms“, was authored by Sasha Nahleen, Reginald D.V. Nixon, and Melanie K.T. Takarangi.
这项被称为“当前的创伤后应激障碍症状学扭曲了过去症状的记忆”的研究，是由萨沙·纳赫林、雷金纳德·D.V.尼克松和梅兰妮·K.T.塔卡兰基主持并撰写的。
distort：曲解，扭曲，歪曲
过多的屏幕时间会对幼儿的大脑产生持久的影响。英语读头条（第500期）
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