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短文改错四大错误类型总结

短文改错四大错误类型总结

老师叮咛:李辉老师说,英语学习的陷阱之一,就是多做题。很多人一想到学英语就想到多做题,但是做了很久都没提分,原因何在?事实上,每道题目都背后都有其方法考点。下面的短文改错常见错误考点类型很重要!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

一、动词

时态错误(过去时/现在时)

eg: 

1.Some people even had to wait outside.

解析:had 改为have

2.I think I would be happy there.

解析:think改为thought

语态错误(主动/被动)

注意:先翻译句子,后观察该词在句中是主动/被动。

eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.

每天,他都要确保新鲜蔬菜或高质量的油用于烹饪。

解析:using → used,根据句意此处表示被动含义,be used for“被用来去做

主谓不一致

1前文所提的主语与后文所述的谓语不一致

eg: 

1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests.

解析:were → wasThe teacher是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。

2.The rest of the trees was cut down.

解析:was → wererest指的是可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。

2集体名词,谓语动词用复数。如:people, cattle, group, family, government, team, police等。

eg: 

The police is coming this way.    

解析:is → areThe police是集体名词,故is → are

3就近原则

常见:neither...nor... / not only...but... / either...or... / not...but...

eg: 

1.Not only his parents but also he are crazy about the foreign films.    

解析:are → is,该处谓语最近的主语为he是第三人称单数,故动词用第三人称单数形式。

2.Because of too much homework,neither you nor James go to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One.

解析:go → goes,该处谓语最近的主语为James是第三人称单数,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。

4There be句型

eg: There has a big library in our school.   

解析:has → is,某地有某物,表存在用there be句型,且后面跟的是a big library单数。

5就远原则

常见:except / with / together with / along with / as well as / including

eg: I as well as he is happy.   

解析:is → am,该处谓语最远的主语为I是第一人称,故谓语动词用第一人称am

6缺少谓语动词(尤其缺be动词)

eg:

1.Secondly, I always practice pronunciation and reading and speaking.

解析:Practice → practise,practice的词性是名词,该句中没有与主语I相适应的谓语动词形式故把practice → practise(practise的词性是动词)则是在句中添加了一个谓语动词。

2.She very beautiful.  

解析:在She后加is,补齐主谓宾。

非谓语错用

1谓语动词与非谓语动词区分不清

eg: There are thousands of examples tell usif we want to succeed,we need a correct direction.

解析:tell → telling,there be 句型表示存在,是一个完整的句型结构,be动词就是谓语动词,所以句中若出现了其他动词,可以采用非谓语动词形式,因此动词tell不能直接使用原形,而且由于examples tell之间是主谓关系,所以要用tell的现在分词形式。

2V-ingV-ed混用

eg: We were exciting to hear the news.

解析:exciting →excitedexciting修饰物,而excited修饰人。

3to的多用、少用或误用

eg: 

1.When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.

解析:删除to,由lend sb. sth.(借给某人某物)可知,不用to,但如果将sth.放到前面,则用to

2.This thing belongs me.  

解析:在belongs后加to,表示属于。

3.He was tall,with board shoulders and a beard that turned form black towards gray over the years.  

解析:towards → toform ...towards...“...走向...”form...to...“......”根据句意towards → to

虚拟语气误用

eg:Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.

解析:去掉had,句意:他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气,不能用would have done,用would do表示过去常常做

二、名词

缺主/宾语,补名词/代词

eg: I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused.But she refused.

解析:在caused后加her,缺少宾语。

②that/those(表示跟上文同类事物比较)

eg: My books are more difficult than of Jerry’s.

解析:在than后加those,缺少代词,代指books

反身代词

eg: Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it them.解析:them → themselves,主语是他们,宾语也是他们,宾语的他们用themselves

名词前加限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,指示代词)

如:a / an / the / my / your / his / her / their / this / that / there / these

eg: 

1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.

解析:the → a,此处指乘坐一个气球横过海洋,第一次提到用a

2.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused hers.But she refused.解析:hers → her,此处为宾语,后无名词,故选用形容词性物主代词。

单复数形式

常见不可数名词:advice / information / fun / equipment / news / furniture / baggage / luggage / traffic / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / food / change / water / joy / hair

常见单复数同形名词:sheep / fish / Chinese / cattle / bison / deer / people / clothes

eg: As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.    

解析:chance → chancesmany后用复数。

三、形容词/副词

修饰名词或作表语,用形容词。

eg:It was both excited and frightening to be up there

解析:excited → exciting,主语是形式主语it,真正的主语是to be up there主语是物的时候,表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。

提示词是形容词,常变副词。

eg:

1.He must be mental disabled.    

解析:mental → mentally

2.When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.   

解析:late → later

比较级/最高级

eg:

1.As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.    

解析:high → higher,翻译为更高的位置。

2.They were also the best and worse years in my life .   

解析:worse → worst并列结构。

四、句子结构题

介词+名词

eg:The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.     

解析:在salt 后加at

②it作形式主语

It + is +adj. +...that从句/ to do  这件事儿是什么样子的(什么事儿呢).....

eg:It took years of work reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. 

解析:在work 后加to

③it作形式宾语

Sb think / find / believe it + adj. +that从句/ to do

某人认为/发现/相信这件事是什么样子的,什么事儿呢?.....

eg:I think good to have a balance of viewpoints.    

解析:在think后加it

并列结构

eg:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.    

解析:take → taking

并列逻辑

并列连词有and / or / so / but / however

eg:But the river wasn’t changed in a few days and even a few months.    

解析:and → or

注意:becauseso/althoughthoughbut不能连用。

固定搭配

  

三大从句(定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句)

1定语从句

定语从句关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语时,用关系代词that / which / who / whose ; 定语从句成分完整,就用关系副词 when / where / why,介词后面用 which / whom

引导词只能用that

1.先行词为不定代词。

  some   something    /  somebody   /  someone

  any     anything     /  anybody    /  anyone

  no      nothing     /  nobody     /  no one

  every   everything   /  everybody   /  everyone

2.先行词指物和人时。

3.先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词修饰时。

4.先行词被all/little/few/none/much/no/the only/the very/the last修饰时。

5.在以which/who为疑问词的特殊疑问句中。

2名词性从句

名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。名词性从句的连词分为连接词that / whether / if ;连接代词 who / whoever / whom / whomever / what / whatever / which等;连接副词 where / wherever / when / whenever / how / however / why 等,从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,则用连接代词;不缺少以上成份,句子意思完整就用that , 不完整就用 whether / if 或其它连接副词。

3状语从句

状语从句分类比较多,如:时间状从,地点状从等。但是状语从句在短文改错中是相对容易的,比较容易能找出连词的错误。做题时,我们要理解句子意思,判断在此处应该用什么连词。

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