(一)基本用法英语中的句子按照其功能或用途分,主要包括:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。英语中的陈述句是用来陈述事实或表达观点的句子,从至关重要的信息到微小的细节,其句末一般用句号(.)。作为最简单的信息交流方式,陈述句是英语中最常见的句子类型,而不是疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。陈述句可分为肯定句和否定句两大类,其否定句一般是通过not来表达。如:He is a student. / He is not a student.He likes apples. / He does not like apples.He can drive a car. / He cannot drive a car.(二)其他功能英语中的陈述句还具有以下功能:1、提问此时的句子虽然形式上采用了陈述句语序,但却是用来表达疑问的,其句末为问号。如: She is a spy?(她是个间谍?) 2、表达强烈情绪情感此时的句子的句末用的是感叹号。如:Paris is so beautiful!(巴黎这么美啊!) 3、发出指令此时的句子采用了陈述句的形式,却表达了祈使句的功能。如: You will now sit.(你现在坐下!)(三)五大句式英语中的陈述句根据其谓语动词的用法不同,主要包括以下五种句式:1、主谓型(SV型)即“(Subjcet)+谓语(Verb)”,此时充当谓语的动词是不及物动词,如: He has left. She is crying. 2、主谓宾型(SVO型)即“主语(Subjcet)+谓语(Verb)+宾语(Object)”,此时充当谓语的动词是及物动词,如:I will take a walk. They drank some coffee. 3、主谓双宾型(SVO1O2型)即“主语(Subjcet)+谓语(Verb)+直接宾语(Direct Object)+间接宾语(Indirect Object)”,此时充当谓语的动词是双宾动词,其后接表物的直接宾语和表人的间接宾语,而且两个宾语的位置可以前后变化。如: She gave me two bananas. She gave two bananas to me.He bought me a cake. He bought a cake for me. 4、主谓宾补型(SVOC型) 即“主语(Subjcet)+谓语(Verb)+宾语(Object)+补语(Complement)”,此时的补语是用来补充说明宾语的状况的。如:I found the room empty. She thinks it easy to learn English well. 5、主系表型(SVP型) 即“主语(Subjcet)+系动词(Link verb)+表语(Predicative)”,此时充当谓语的是整个系表结构,其中的动词为系动词。如:The flowers smell swee. The dish tastes yummy. The man looks sad. 【注意】 There be句型是在以上五大句式之外的特殊句式,主要用来表达某地有某人或物或事,其基本用法为:There be+人/物/事+地点。如: There is a girl at the gate. There are two pens and one pencil on the desk. There has been great changes in our town recently. (四)句子语序英语句子的基本语序为:主语➔谓语➔宾语➔状语。如:She is taking a walk in the park.I cut the apple with a knife. They went to the museum yesterday. 要了解更多英语语法知识,请扫码加好友申请入群: