human muscle system, the muscles of the human body that work the skeletal system, that are under voluntary control, and that are concerned with movement, posture, and balance. Broadly considered, human muscle—like the muscles of all vertebrates—is often divided into striated muscle (or skeletal muscle), smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle is under involuntary control and is found in the walls of blood vessels and of structures such as the urinary bladder, the intestines, and the stomach. Cardiac muscle makes up the mass of the heart and is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of that vital pumping organ; it too is under involuntary control. With very few exceptions, the arrangement of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle in humans is identical to the arrangement found in other vertebrate animals.
This article is concerned with the skeletal muscles of the human body, with emphasis on muscle movements and the changes that have occurred in human skeletal musculature as a result of the long evolutionary process that involved the assumption of upright posture. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and the physiology of muscle contraction are treated at great length in the article muscle. For descriptions of disorders that affect the human muscle system, see muscle disease.
这篇文章关注的是人体的骨骼肌，重点是肌肉运动和人类骨骼肌组织发生的变化，这是涉及直立姿势假设的长期进化过程的结果。平滑肌和心肌以及肌肉收缩的生理学在文章中作了详细的论述。有关影响人体肌肉系统的疾病的描述，请参见肌肉疾病。
人体肌肉系统:后视图
The following sections provide a basic framework for the understanding of gross human muscular anatomy, with descriptions of the large muscle groups and their actions. The various muscle groups work in a coordinated fashion to control the movements of the human body.
以下部分提供了一个基本框架的理解大体人类肌肉解剖，与大肌肉群和他们的行动的描述。不同的肌肉群以协调的方式工作以控制人体的运动。
颈部
颈部肌肉;人体肌肉系统
The motion of the neck is described in terms of rotation, flexion, extension, and side bending (i.e., the motion used to touch the ear to the shoulder). The direction of the action can be ipsilateral, which refers to movement in the direction of the contracting muscle, or contralateral, which refers to movement away from the side of the contracting muscle.
颈部的运动被描述为旋转、屈曲、伸展和侧弯(即用耳朵接触肩膀的运动)。动作的方向可以是同侧，指的是向收缩肌肉的方向运动，也可以是对侧，指的是远离收缩肌肉的一侧运动。
Rotation is one of the most-important actions of the cervical (neck) spine. Rotation is accomplished primarily by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which bends the neck to the ipsilateral side and rotates the neck contralaterally. Together, the sternocleidomastoid muscles on both sides of the neck act to flex the neck and raise the sternum to assist in forced inhalation. The anterior and middle scalene muscles, which also are located at the sides of the neck, act ipsilaterally to rotate the neck, as well as to elevate the first rib. The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis, which are located in the back of the neck, work to rotate the head.
旋转是颈椎最重要的动作之一。旋转主要由胸锁乳突肌完成，它使颈部向同侧弯曲，并使颈部向对侧旋转。同时，颈部两侧的胸锁乳突肌起到弯曲颈部和抬高胸骨的作用，以协助用力吸气。前斜角肌和中斜角肌也位于颈部两侧，同侧旋转颈部，抬高第一肋骨。位于颈后的头脾和颈脾起旋转头部的作用。
Side bending also is an important action of the cervical spine. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are involved in cervical side bending. The posterior scalene muscles, located on the lower sides of the neck, ipsilaterally bend the neck to the side and elevate the second rib. The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis also assist in neck side bending. The erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis) are large, deep muscles that extend the length of the back. All three act to ipsilaterally side bend the neck.
侧弯也是颈椎的一个重要动作。胸锁乳突肌参与颈椎侧弯。后斜角肌位于颈部下侧，同侧使颈部向一侧弯曲，抬高第二肋骨。头脾和颈脾也有助于颈部侧弯。竖脊肌(髂肋肌、最长肌和棘肌)是延伸背部长度的大而深的肌肉。这三个动作都是同侧侧弯脖子。
Neck flexion refers to the motion used to touch the chin to the chest. It is accomplished primarily by the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with assistance from the longus colli and the longus capitis, which are found in the front of the neck. Neck extension is the opposite of flexion and is accomplished by many of the same muscles that are used for other neck movements, including the splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles.
颈部弯曲指的是用下巴接触胸部的动作。它主要由胸锁乳突肌完成，并有颈长肌和头长肌的协助，这两个肌位于颈部前部。颈部伸展与屈曲相反，是由许多用于其他颈部运动的相同肌肉完成的，包括颈脾肌、头脾肌、髂肋肌、最长肌和脊肌。
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