专题19短文填空
考点3 自由填空
（一）（2022·山西·中考真题）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯。每空一词。
We all talk, but most of the talking is body language. You may not notice it, ___35___ we use body language much more than we think. Usually kids’ body language is the same ___36___ adults’, and sometimes it sends a different message. Here are some examples. Let’s see what they mean. | |
Not standing straightA kid ___37___ doesn’t stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. He might not feel very good about himself, or ___38___ might just be thinking about something else! It’s not always easy to say, and most of the time he won’t tell you ___39___ is the matter. My advice: if there are no health problems, don’t care. | Not looking you in the eyeA kid who doesn’t look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid ___40___ his elders. He may also feel uncomfortable looking at anybody. There ___41___ a few things that you can do. Try to do things with them that don’t require looking at you. You could also pretend(假装) not to notice it. My advice: ___42___ they are smart, friendly and polite, it’ll probably be OK. |
If you are interested ___43___ kids’ body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 ___44___ 9:00 p.m. on Monday. | |
【答案】35．but
36．as
37．who##that
38．he
39．what
40．of
41．are
42．if
43．in
44．to
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍孩子们的肢体语言，并针对不同情况给出一些建议。
35．
句意：你可能没有注意到，但我们使用肢体语言的次数比我们想象的要多。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。
36．
句意：通常孩子们的肢体语言和成年人的是一样的，有时它传递的是不同的信息。the same as“与……相同”，故填as。
37．
句意：一个不站直的孩子可能会感到不开心或只是感到有点沮丧。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that连接，故填who/that。
38．
句意：他可能对自己感觉不太好，或者他可能只是在想别的事情！结合前句中的“He”可知，此处也用he作主语，故填he。
39．
句意：说出来总是不容易，大多数时候他也不会告诉你发生了什么事。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，用what连接，故填what。
40．
句意：一个不直视你眼睛的孩子可能不相信他自己，或者他害怕长辈。be afraid of“害怕……”，故填of。
41．
句意：有一些你可以做的事情。此处是there be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数a few things，故填are。
42．
句意：我的建议是：如果他们聪明、友好、有礼貌，这可能是没问题的。“they are smart, friendly and polite”是“it’ll probably be OK”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
43．
句意：如果你对孩子的肢体语言感兴趣，欢迎来到我的角落。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故填in。
44．
句意：我们将在周一晚上8点到9点详细讨论。from...to...“从……到……”，故填to。
（二）（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
How does the tea plant grow? This term, some students got their answers in the school’s rooftop(屋顶) garden. Many schools have built small gardens on their teaching building’s rooftop. Some students planted tea plants there. While taking ___46___of tea plants, they also did experiments to learn more about tea.
How to ___47___ egg soup and sandwiches? Some students learned to cook in an after-school cooking club. To parents’ __48__, their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time.
In the past, Chinese children were sometimes busier after school ___49___ they had to take so many after-school classes. Now, students join all kinds of clubs. Why do students have free time to ___50___up their hobbies? Because China has introduced the “double reduction” policy(双减政策). It hopes to ease(减轻) students’ learning burden(负担)__51__ reducing homework and after-school classes.
Students’ lives have changed a lot since the policy was carried out. On the one hand, their homework is clearly ___52___than before, they aren’t encouraged to buy workbooks(练习册) any more. Teenagers have more chances to get knowledge from the real life. This is a much better way than just hitting the books. On the other hand, students spend more time ___53___ after-school clubs. They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___54___. It’s believed ___55___ the “double reduction” policy makes a difference to students’ lives.
【答案】46．care
47．make
48．surprise
49．because
50．take
51．by
52．less
53．joining
54．themselves
55．that
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了“双减政策”之后，孩子们课外生活和学习生活的变化。
46．
句意：在照顾茶树的同时，他们也做实验来了解更多关于茶的知识。根据“Some students planted tea plants there.”可知，照顾植物，take care of“照顾”；故填care。
47．
句意：怎样做鸡蛋汤和三明治？根据“egg soup and sandwiches”可知，制作鸡蛋汤和三明治；结合How to do，需要动词原形；故填make。
48．
句意：令父母惊讶的是，他们的孩子可以在短时间内做一些简单的菜。根据“their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time”可知，孩子们短时间内学会了简单的菜，父母很惊讶，to one’s surprise“令人惊讶的是”；故填surprise。
49．
句意：在过去，中国的孩子放学后有时更忙，因为他们要参加很多课外班。根据“they had to take so many after-school classes”可知，此句是前句的原因，because符合句意；故填because。
50．
句意：为什么学生有空闲时间从事他们的爱好？take up“从事（某一种兴趣爱好）”，结合have time to do，需要动词原形；故填take。
51．
句意：它希望通过减少家庭作业和课外课程来减轻学生的学习负担。根据“reducing homework and after-school classes”可知，通过减少家庭作业和课外班来减轻负担，by“通过”符合句意；故填by。
52．
句意：一方面，他们的作业明显比以前少了。根据“than before”可知，作业比之前少，less“更少”符合句意；故填less。
53．
句意：另一方面，学生花更多的时间参加课外俱乐部。根据“after-school clubs”可知，参加课外俱乐部，结合spend sth doing sth，需要动名词，joining符合句意；故填joining。
54．
句意：他们从这些丰富多彩的俱乐部获得了很多生活技能，有足够的时间放松和独立思考。根据“have enough time to relax and think”可知，有时间独立思考，主语是they，其反身代词是themselves；故填themselves。
55．
句意：据说，“双减”政策对学生的生活产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，是主语从句，需要that作引导词，故填that。
（三）（2022·重庆A卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience.
One morning, just as she arrived at her ____44____, Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother. “It must be something very important,” she thought to herself.
Right away, she called her mother ____45____quite worriedly. To her surprise, Wang found her mother only wanted her charger (充电器), which Wang took to the office by mistake.
When Wang hurried home from her office, she found her mother’s ____46____ was still 70% charged. And her mother was worried that it would run out of power as she continued using it.
Now Wang realizes the seriousness of the problem. Her mother ____47____ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online. And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache and so on.
This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not ____48____. She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have ____49____ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.
But too much time on phone can cause many problems. “Be careful when using your phones, ____50____ you will be easily fooled!” Although the old are always warned like this, online frauds (欺骗) still happen to them. Now there are more family problems. Action should be taken.
For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. The young, for their part, should often visit the old, and help them learn more about online safety so that they can ____51____themselves. Also, the young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.
【答案】44．office
45．back
46．phone
47．spends
48．alone
49．fewer
50．or
51．protect
【解析】
【导语】
本文通过王小姐和她母亲的经历告诉我们老人现在过度使用手机，这样会引起很多问题，所以作者建议年轻人要多拜访老人，老人也要多做一些其他活动。
44．
句意：一天早上，她刚到办公室，就注意到她妈妈的一些未接电话。根据“When Wang hurried home from her office”可知她到达了办公室，office“办公室”。故填office。
45．
句意：马上，她很着急的给妈妈回了电话。根据“she called her mother...”以及上文可知，看到妈妈的未接电话，会回电话，call sb. back“给某人回电话”。故填back。
46．
句意：王小姐从办公室赶回家时，发现妈妈的手机还有70%的电量。根据“she found her mother’s...was still 70% charged”以及上文可知她妈妈的手机还有电，phone“电”，指她妈妈的手机，名词用单数。故填phone。
47．
句意：她的母亲每天花八个小时玩游戏、阅读新闻和在线观看短视频。根据“eight hours a day playing games...”可知是花费时间做某事，主语是人，用spend“花费”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填spends。
48．
句意：这个故事并不特别，王的母亲并不是唯一的例子。根据“This story is not special”以及“She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones”可知王小姐的母亲不是唯一的一个沉迷手机的例子，alone“单独的”。故填alone。
49．
句意：由于老年人参加社交活动的机会较少，智能手机是打发时间的最佳方式。根据“a smart phone is the best way to kill time”可知他们用手机打发时间，因为他们参加社交活动的机会相较于年轻人来说更少，故此处用比较级，修饰可数名词复数用fewer“更少”。故填fewer。
50．
句意：使用手机时要小心，否则很容易上当！根据“Be careful when using your phones...you will be easily fooled”可知此处是结构“祈使句+or+陈述句”，表示“用手机时要小心，否则很容易被欺骗”。故填or。
51．
句意：对于年轻人来说，他们应该经常拜访老年人，并帮助他们更多地了解网络安全，以便他们能够保护自己。根据“help them learn more about online safety so that they can...themselves”可知让老人了解网络安全，这样老人能保护自己，protect“保护”，情态动词can后加动词原形。故填protect。
（四）（2022·重庆B卷·中考真题）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
As students, you should study hard. More importantly, you should study in a smart way. Try these methods below.
Spaced Repetition
According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll ____44____easily if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d better come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it ____45____least 5 times, and you can almost remember everything.
Jim Kwik's Technique(方法)
According to Jim Kwik, an expert on reading and the memory, the key to understanding your reading material is to ask question. You can put a line down the ____46____ of a piece of paper. On the left, take notes of key information,while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important ____47____ is how you can use the key information. Connect it with the knowledge you’ve ____48____ known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by using it. This helps to keep the information your mind.
The Feynman Technique
Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when they ____49____ someone else. The Feynman technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. Second, teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in ____50____ words. Third, find out which parts you can explain well and which parts you can’t. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above ____51____ you can explain the topic without looking at the book.
【答案】44．forget
45．at
46．middle
47．one
48．already
49．teach
50．other
51．until
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了三种学习方法。
44．
句意：根据艾宾浩斯的说法，如果你不及时复习，你很容易忘记。根据“easily if you don’t review in time”以及常识可知不及时复习容易遗忘，forget“忘记”，will后加动词原形。故填forget。
45．
句意：重复至少5次，你几乎可以记住所有内容。根据“least 5 times”可知是至少5次，at least“至少”。故填at。
46．
句意：你可以在一张纸的中间画一条线。根据“You can put a line down the...of a piece of paper. On the left...while on the right...”可知是在纸的中间画一条线，the middle of“……的中间”。故填middle。
47．
句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是如何使用关键信息。根据“Among the questions, the most important”可知是最重要的问题，此处用one代指可数名词单数。故填one。
48．
句意：将它与你已经知道的知识联系起来。根据“Connect it with the knowledge you’ve...known”可知是把问题和已经知道的知识联系起来，already“已经”，副词。故填already。
49．
句意：研究表明，当学生教别人时，他们可以更好地理解他们学到的东西。根据“Second, teach what you’ve just learned to...”可知当学生教别人时，他们学得更好，teach“教”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填teach。
50．
句意：其次，用其他的语言把你刚刚学到的东西教给对这个主题知识为零的人。根据“teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in...words”可知是用其他的话把自己学到的知识教给别人，other“其他的”，后加名词复数。故填other。
51．
句意：第四，重复上面的步骤，直到你不用看书就能解释这个话题。根据“repeat the steps above...you can explain the topic without looking at the book”可知是重复这些步骤直到可以解释，until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。
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