时态详解
一般现在时
基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他; He works for us. 否定句:主语+don'ts/doesn't+动词原形+其他; He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他;肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does);否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.);特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语; Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us.
一般过去时
be动词+行为动词的过去式 否定句式:在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词;例如: Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.
一般将来时
am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形;例如:He is going to work for us. He will work for us; He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!
过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形 be(was,were)about to+动词原形 be(was,were)to+动词原形 肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~. 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~? He would work for us.
现在进行时
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。例如:I am buying a book.
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人称+is+doing+sth 例:He is working.
过去进行时
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.
将来进行时
主语+will + be +现在分词 He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词 He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
现在完成时
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes+主语+have/has 否定回答:No+主语+have/has ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years?
过去完成时
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had 否定回答:No,主语+hadn't ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)语法判定: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
将来完成时
(shall)will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
现在完成进行时
基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing 分词 He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)
过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称 He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
举例:英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)