The University of California — the United States’ largest public university system — has cancelled its subscription with Dutch publishing giant Elsevier after months of negotiations over a proposed deal that would have allowed university researchers to publish in Elsevier journals under open-access terms.
美国最大的公立大学系统加州大学取消了对荷兰出版巨头爱思唯尔的订阅,此前，加州大学与爱思唯尔就一项拟定中的协议进行了数月的谈判，这项协议允许大学研究员们在爱思唯尔的期刊上以开放获取的方式发表文章。
The move is the latest in an escalating global row between scholarly publishers and academic institutions, which are pushing to make more of the scientific literature freely available and say that the costs of publishers’ subscriptions are becoming unreasonably expensive.
此举是全球学术出版商和学术机构之间不断升级的争执的最新进展，学术出版商和学术机构正努力让更多的科学文献免费获得，并表示出版商的订阅成本正变得异常昂贵。
The University of California (UC) is the first US institution to have completely cancelled its subscription with Elsevier because of such negotiations.
加州大学是美国第一家因此类谈判而完全取消与爱思唯尔合作的大学。
“UC will embolden other institutions to take a hard line,” says Joseph Esposito, a senior partner at publishing consultancy Clarke & Esposito in Washington DC.
“加州大学将鼓励其他机构采取强硬立场，”华盛顿出版咨询公司Clarke & Esposito的高级合伙人约瑟夫·埃斯波西托表示。
“Some will be willing to walk away from deals.”
“有些人会愿意放弃交易。”
Esposito argues that pirate paper site Sci-Hub has undermined the ability of some publishing firms to continue to operate as they have before.
埃斯波西托认为盗版网站Sci-Hub削弱了一些出版公司继续像以前那样运营的能力。
UC had been seeking to strike a 'read-and-publish’ deal that would have allowed its researchers to read papers from the publisher as well as to publish in Elsevier journals under open-access terms.
加州大学一直在寻求达成一项“阅读和发表”协议，允许其研究人员阅读来自该出版商的论文，并以开放获取的条款在爱思唯尔的期刊上发表论文。
Conventional licensing deals cover only the cost of accessing paywalled articles.
传统的许可协议只涵盖访问付费文章的成本。
But the university — which publishes 10% of US research papers — said on 28 February that it would not renew its contract because Elsevier was demanding too high a price for the deal.
但是，拥有美国10%研究论文的加州大学在2月28日表示，它不会续签合同，因为这笔交易爱思唯尔定的价格太高了。
UC’s latest subscription with the publisher expired on 31 December and researchers’ access to Elsevier journals had been extended while negotiations continued.
加州大学与出版商的最新订阅已于12月31日到期，研究人员对爱思唯尔期刊的访问权限已被延长，谈判仍在继续。
UC pays about US$11 million a year to Elsevier in subscription fees, and the publisher wanted to increase the cost by about 80%, according to the institution’s calculations, said Jeffrey MacKie-MasonUniversity, co-chair of the UC negotiating team, in an interview with Berkeley News, a website maintained by the university.
加州大学谈判小组联席主席杰弗里·麦凯-梅森大学在接受该校维护的网站伯克利新闻采访时说，加州大学每年向爱思唯尔支付约1,100万美元的订阅费，根据该机构的计算，出版商希望将费用增加约80%。
In statement to Nature’s news team, Elsevier called UC’s decision “disappointing” and said that it had offered a model in which researchers could publish for free or open access and provided a path to reduce the costs for each UC campus.
爱思唯尔在给《自然》杂志新闻小组的声明中称加州大学的决定“令人失望”，并表示它提供了一种模式，让研究人员可以免费或开放地发表论文，并为加州大学每个校区提供了一条降低成本的途径。
In the past few years, such stand-offs between academic publishers and institutes have increased in Europe, where a growing number of publishers have struck read-and-publish deals with university consortia.
在过去几年中，学术出版商和研究机构之间的这种对峙在欧洲有所增加，越来越多的出版商与大学联盟签订了“阅读与出版”协议。
Other US institutions, including Florida State University, have cancelled their major subscription deals with Elsevier over concerns about costs, but continued to pay for access to a smaller subset of journals.
包括佛罗里达州立大学在内的其它美国机构，出于对成本的担忧，已取消了与爱思唯尔的主要订阅协议，但仍继续为访问一小部分期刊付费。
Reseachers in European countries including Sweden and Germany have been without access to Elsevier journals for months, while national library consortia try to negotiate new deals.
几个月来，包括瑞典和德国在内的欧洲国家的研究人员一直无法获取到爱思唯尔的期刊，而国家图书馆联盟则在努力谈判新的协议。
Some UC researchers welcomed the institution’s decision.
加州大学的一些研究人员对大学的决定表示欢迎。
“I’m ecstatic,” says Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, a plant geneticist at the University of California, Davis.
“我欣喜若狂，”加州大学戴维斯分校的植物遗传学家杰弗里·罗斯-伊巴拉说。
“I think it was the right call.” He predicts “some confusion and short-term pain” as researchers determine how to access articles without a subscription.
“我认为这是正确的决定。他预测，在研究人员决定如何在不订阅的情况下访问文章时，会出现“一些困惑和短期痛苦”。
Jay Keasling, a chemical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley, has mixed feelings about the situation.
加州大学伯克利分校的化学工程师杰伊.基斯林对于这种境况则五味杂陈。
A lot of students and scientists won’t have access to publications, he says.
他说，许多学生和科学家将无法获得出版物。
“On the other hand, Elsevier is a bit of a monopoly and I totally get where the university is coming from. I wish they could have gotten to some point of agreement.”
“另一方面，爱思唯尔有点垄断，我完全明白这所大学的考虑。我希望他们能达成某种共识。”
Keasling, the co-editor-in-chief of the Elsevier journal Metabolic Engineering, worries that UC’s break with the publisher will affect the quality of Elsevier’s publications.
基斯林是爱思唯尔杂志《代谢工程》的联合主编，他担心加州大学与出版商的关系破裂会影响爱思唯尔的出版质量。
“Will people quit reading the journals? Will people not want to publish on them?”
“难道人们会停止阅读这些期刊吗?难道人们会不想在上面发表文章吗?”
Despite the cancellation, UC academics will still have access to much of Elsevier’s back catalogue and will lose access only to articles published in Elsevier journals since the expiry of the institution’s licence because of contract clauses that cover 'post-termination access’.
尽管取消了续订，加州大学的学者仍然可以访问爱思唯尔的过期目录，并且只能访问爱思唯尔期刊上发表的文章，原因是合同条款中包含了“解约后访问”的条款。
Elsevier, headquartered in Amsterdam, publishes more than 2,500 journals, which issue more than 400,000 papers each year.
爱思唯尔总部设在阿姆斯特丹，出版2500多种期刊，每年发表40多万篇论文。
UC, which has 10 campuses across California, says that 18% of its researchers’ studies are published in Elsevier journals.
在加州拥有10个分校的加州大学表示，其研究人员18%的研究成果都是发表在爱思唯尔的期刊上。
问题
关于这次爱思唯尔和加州大学的事件，文中总共提到了哪几个国家？
留言回复正确答案，即可获得红包啦。朋友们快来试试吧！
感谢关注
跟amber一起看世界
联系客服
