沙特女权前途何在？

In June 2018, the future seemed a little brighter for Saudi Arabian women. 

2018年6月时，沙特阿拉伯女性的未来似乎感觉会更加光明。

Home to one of the most repressive societies on earth, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was finally taking steps to lift the ban that had prevented women from driving.

沙特阿拉伯王国是世界上最专制的社会之一，那时他们终于开始采取措施解除禁止女性开车的禁令。

 At last, women would be free from the need to rely on males for their basic ability to move around.

最后，女性将不再需要依靠男性来维持基本的活动能力。

A staunchly conservative and religiously orthodox country, Saudi Arabia embraces and enforces a strict, all-encompassing version of Islam called Wahhabism. 

沙特阿拉伯是一个坚定的保守主义和宗教正统的国家，它接受并实施了一种严格的而全面的伊斯兰教，称为瓦哈比主义。

The laws of the religion are one and the same as the laws of the state. 

宗教的法律与国家的法律是同一的。

Gender segregation rules are strictly observed and the idea of a woman behind the wheel, driving herself wherever she chooses with no man accompanying her, was seen by many as scandalous, even sacrilegious.

性别隔离规则得到严格遵守，女性开车，自己选择去哪里，没有男人陪着，这种想法在很多人看来是可耻的，甚至是亵渎神灵的。

Eliminating gender-based driving restrictions was an earth-shattering change that gave hope to millions of Saudi women.

取消基于性别的驾驶限制是一个惊天动地的改变，给数百万沙特妇女带来了希望。

The lifting of the driving ban was presented in 2017 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (commonly referred to by his nickname, MBS) as part of a sweeping initiative to modernize and diversify the economy away from a heavy reliance on oil. 

2017年，沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼提出解除驾驶禁令(绰号MBS)，这是沙特摆脱对石油的严重依赖、实现经济现代化和多元化的全面举措的一部分。

In order to attract foreign investment, the idea was to align some part of Saudi society with the rest of the world. 

为了吸引外国投资，他们的想法是让沙特社会的某些部分与世界其他地区保持一致。

It was hailed by Saudi rulers and much of the rest of the world as a great feminist leap forward.

它被沙特统治者和世界其他许多国家誉为女权主义的伟大飞跃。

In just the first seven months after the ban was lifted, as many as 40,000 women were issued driving licenses, according to Saudi Arabia's traffic department.

沙特阿拉伯交通部门称，仅在禁令解除后的头七个月里，就有多达4万名女性获得了驾照。

But apart from driving, what else has changed for Saudi women?

但除了开车，沙特女性还发生了什么变化呢?

"There are two stories here, two narratives," Madawi Al-Rasheed told us. 

“这里有两个故事，来自两种视角，”麦道一.艾尔.拉希德告诉我们。

She is a Saudi Arabian scholar and a visiting professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

她是一名沙特阿拉伯学者，伦敦政治经济学院客座教授。

"The first one is that MBS is the greatest thing that has ever happened to Saudi Arabia, especially to women," she said.

她说:“首先，MBS是沙特阿拉伯有史以来发生的最伟大的事情，尤其是对女性而言。”

Some of the laws governing segregation have been loosened, so now it is possible to see women and men attending sporting events and concerts together. 

一些有关种族隔离的法律已经放松，所以现在人们可以看到男女一起参加体育赛事和音乐会。

Women are also allowed a voice in public discussion and can be found speaking at press conferences and addressing symposiums.

妇女也被允许在公开讨论中发言，可以在新闻发布会和专题讨论会上发言了。

"Yet, there is another story," Al-Rasheed said. "It is one that says his reforms are being planned by the privileged classes only to serve the privileged classes. 

“然而，还有另一个故事，”拉希德说。有人说，他的改革是由特权阶层策划的，目的只是为特权阶层服务。

There is a greater opening of the public sphere for women but the changes don't come with legitimate rights."

“对女性来说，在公共领域氛围更加开放，但这些变化并没有带来合法的权利。”

Saudi Arabia's restrictive guardianship system ensures that men still have ultimate control over most aspects of women's lives. 

沙特阿拉伯严格的监护制度确保了男性仍然对女性生活的大部分方面拥有最终控制权。

Part legal requirement, part custom, Saudi women are dependent upon their male guardians, whether they are fathers, husbands, brothers or even sons. 

一部分是法律要求，一部分是习俗，沙特妇女依赖于她们的男性监护人，无论他们是父亲、丈夫、兄弟甚至儿子。

These men have the power to make a range of critical decisions on her behalf for her entire life.

这些男人有能力为她的一生做出一系列重要的决定。

"Women still need permission from their male guardians in two main areas," Al-Rasheed said. 

拉希德说:“女性在两个主要领域仍然需要男性监护人的许可。”

"When they want to marry or when they want to get a passport to leave the country."

“就是当他们想结婚或想拿到护照离开这个国家的时候。”

"The main problem in Saudi Arabia is that both men and women are not represented in government, they are denied basic human rights," Al-Rasheed said. 

拉希德说:“沙特阿拉伯的主要问题是政府中男性和女性都没有相应的代表，他们被剥夺了基本人权。”

"They can be detained and thrown in prison for no reason at all. Emancipation in a dictatorship is impossible."

“他们可以被毫无理由地拘留和监禁。在独裁统治下要解放是不可能的。”

问题

文中提到沙特女性在哪两个领域仍然需要男性监护人的许可？

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