学术写作
2021/12/01
Writing Transitions
撰写过渡段落
作者: Purdue online writing lab
译者: Iris
译者推介
在文章写作中我们都会使用一些过渡词用于提示前后意思之间的联系。这些连接将文章的各个部分有机联系起来，自然而然的由上文转入下文，这就是过渡词，简单来说，过渡词展示了文本或口语的两个部分之间的关系。它们就像是文章中文的桥梁，我们可以看到这些词如何将我们从一个陈述带到另一个陈述。
通过使用这些词，我们可以更好地构建句子并以更简洁的方式传达我们想要说的内容。写作中有不止一种类型的过渡词，本文将介绍最常用的的一些供你参考。另外，我们也可以从原文作者的生动对比中学习到如何更好的完善过渡段落。
01
好的过渡可以连接段落，将断开的写作变成一个统一的整体。过渡可以帮助读者理解，段落如何协同工作、相互引用以及构建更大的观点，而不是将段落视为单独的想法。产生良好过渡的关键是突出相应段落之间的联系。通过在一个段落中引用前几段的相关材料，作者可以为他们的读者提出重要的观点。
在另一段离开的地方继续一段是个好主意。从前一段中挑选关键短语并在下一段中突出显示它们可以为读者创造明显的进步。很多时候，只需要几句话就能画出这些联系。不要编写可以将任何段落连接到任何其他段落的过渡，而是撰写只能将一个特定段落连接到另一个特定段落的过渡。
示例1:
Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
总体而言，Management Systems International在每个部门的销售额都有所增长，导致第三季度利润大幅增长。
Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence.
另一件需要注意的重要事情是，该公司已经扩大了其国际影响力。
修改为：
Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
总体而言，Management Systems International在各个领域的销售额都有所增长，导致第三季度利润大幅增长。
These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence.
这些令人印象深刻的利润很大程度上是由于该公司扩大了国际影响力。
示例2:
Fearing for the loss of Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
由于担心失去丹麦的土地，克里斯蒂安四世签署了吕贝克条约，有效地结束了丹麦阶段的30年战争。
But then something else significant happened. The Swedish intervention began.
但随后发生了另一件重要的事情。瑞典的干预开始了。
修改为:
Fearing for the loss of more Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
由于担心失去更多的丹麦土地，克里斯蒂安四世签署了吕贝克条约，有效地结束了丹麦阶段的30年战争。
Shortly after Danish forces withdrew, the Swedish intervention began.
丹麦军队撤离后不久，瑞典开始介入。
示例3:
Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
谭恩美的小说《喜福会》在畅销榜上一飞冲，之后她成为了著名作家。
There are other things to note about Tan as well. Amy Tan also participates in the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders with Stephen King and Dave Barry.
关于谭还有其他值得注意的地方。谭恩美还与斯蒂芬·金和戴夫·巴里一起参与了讽刺车库乐队the Rock Bottom Remainders。
修改为:
Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
谭恩美的小说《喜福会》在畅销榜上一飞冲，之后她成为了著名作家。
Though her fiction is well known, her work with the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders receives far less publicity.
尽管她的小说广为人知，但她与讽刺车库乐队the Rock Bottom Remainders的合作却很少为人所知。
02
过渡词就像是论文各部分之间的桥梁。它们是帮助读者理解论文发展的思路。过渡手段是帮助将一个句子转移到另一个，将一个观点转移到到另一个观点，或从一个段落到另一个段落的单词或短语。最后，过渡词将句子和段落平滑地连接在一起，这样观点之间就不会出现突然的跳跃或中断。
有几种类型的过渡词，每个类别都会引导读者做出某些联系或假设。有些引导读者前进并暗示建立一个观念，而另一些则使读者比较各观点或从前面的观点中得出结论。
这里列出了一些常见的过渡词，可供你使用：
TO ADD 用于添加：
and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)
TO COMPARE 用于比较：
whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
TO PROVE 用于证明或解释原因 ：
because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
TO SHOW EXCEPTION
用于显示例外（或异常）：
yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
TO SHOW TIME 用于表示时间 ：
immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then
TO REPEAT 用于重复：
in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted
TO EMPHASIZE 用于强调 ：
definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
TO SHOW SEQUENCE 用于显示顺序：
first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE 用于举例 ：
for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate
TO SUMMARIZE OR CONCLUDE
用于总结 ：
in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently
来源：
1.https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/transitions_and_transitional_devices/index.html
2.https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/transitions_and_transitional_devices/transitional_devices.html
【END】
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Iris
斯旺西大学会计与金融在读
南昌航空大学国际会计学
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