句型1
would rather that somebody did…“宁愿……；更愿意……”(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿……；更愿意……”（表示过去的愿望）
句型2
as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用过去完成时）[参考句型4]
句型3
“wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时；
表示过去的愿望：主语+had done；
表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do
句型4
It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
句型5
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done “本来可以……”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。
might have done “本来可能……；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做）should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）needn’t have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。
句型6
as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。
[注意]although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：
句型7
…before…特殊用法
（1）“没来得及……就……”
句型8
…before…特殊用法
（2）“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……”
句型9
It was + 时间段+before….“过了多久才（怎么样）……”
It was not long before….“不久，就……”It will (not) be +时间段+before….“要过多久（不久）……才……”
(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
句型10
in case of…(+n.) “以防；万一”；
in case that…“以防，万一……”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形）
句型11
It强调句型强调句的基本构成：
It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分[注意1]这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….； 强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。
[例句1]I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）
→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）
→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）
→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语）
句型12
（1）、祈使句（表条件）+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句（表结果）… “否则…，要不然…”
（2）、祈使句（表条件）+ and +主句（表结果）
句型13
…until….“直到……时候”；not…until…“直到……才……”
（倒装句）等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
（强调句）Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed.
句型14
unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not)[例句]I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。–Shall Tom go and play football?–Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。I won’t go unless he comes to invite me himself.除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).
除非被邀请，否则我不去参加的生日晚会。
句型15
when引导的从句when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。
常用于以下句型中：
（1）、主语 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某事这时……”；
（2）、主语 + be about to do…when…；
（3）、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事这时……”
句型16
while引导的从句while除了有“当/在……时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while = although “尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；
（2）while的意思是“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。
句型17
where…（地点从句）[注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。
句型18
what引导的从句what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
句型19
as引导的非限制性定语从句 在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。
常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。
[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。
[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。
句型20
which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句） which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。
句型21
（1）、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。
（2）、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。
倒装结构
句型22
全倒装句型（一）
here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装
[例句]
There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了！
[注意]
（1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
（2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。
句型23
全倒装句型（二）
表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。
[例句]
On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。
In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。
Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。
Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。
句型24
全倒装句型（三）
（表语）adj. / v-ing / v-ed +（地点状语）+ be（或其他动词形式）…
So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装！) (这种结构是半倒装句。)
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。
句型25
半倒装句（一）
否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（决不）, at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不)；not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（决不） 等。
句型26
半倒装句（二）
not only…, but also…（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装）
[例句]
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。
句型27
半倒装句（三）
neither, nor放在句首
[例句]
If you don’t go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
--Why didn’t you buy the jacket?
--Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.
价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。
I don’t like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。
句型28
半倒装句（四）
“only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装
[例句]
Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。
Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18岁才能参军。
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。
Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.
只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。
[注意]这种结构的倒装只在only引导状语的时候使用，only引导主语的时候不用倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。
Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。
句型29
半倒装句（五）
so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”（表示肯定意思）
neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”（表示否定意思）
[例句]
She is interested in the story, so am I.
He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.
I saw the film last night, so did he.
In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.
近20年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。
Tom didn’t attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom没来参加昨晚的会议，Mary也没来。
I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.
[比较1] “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实
[例句]
–We have all worked hard these days.
–So we have.（的确如此）
I promised to help him, and so I did.（我确实帮助他了）
[比较2] “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做
句型30
so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么
样，后者也怎么样
[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。
虚拟语气
句型31
（从句）If + were/did（动词的过去式），（主句）主语 + would/might/should/could + do（表示对现在情况的假设）
句型32
（从句）If + had done, （主句）主语+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设）
句型33
（从句）If + were/did（动词过去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主语+ would/might/should/could + do（表示对将来的假设）
句型34
虚拟语气条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。
句型35
if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿……；要是……就好了”
句型36
if it were not for… (= were it not for…)
if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因为有……；如果不是……”
[注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren’t it for…）
[例句]
If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。
If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。
If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。
句型37
“but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是；要不是”，接虚拟语气
[例句]
But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)
如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
= If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。
But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。
She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。
句型38
在动词insist（1坚持做某事），order, command（2命令）, advise, suggest, propose（3建议做某事），demand, require, request, ask（4要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。
[例句]
Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.（宾语从句）
We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.
It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句）
The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.（表语从句）
[注意1]
advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。
[注意2]
It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。
[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示；说明”时；insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。
句型39
It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形
[例句]
It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先参加考试。
句型40
It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”
句型41
prefer
(1) prefer to do sth
(2) prefer doing sth
(3) prefer sb to do sth
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
(6) prefer sth to sth
句型42
seem
(1) It +seems + that从句
(2) It seems to sb that ---
(3) There seems to be ----
(4) It seems as if ----
句型43
表示“相差……；增加了……；增加到……”句型：
(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50%
句型44
too句型：
(1) too．．．to do sth．
(2) only too --- to do sth
(3) too + adj + for sth
(4) too + adj + a + n.
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
句型45
before 句型：
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
(3) had done some time before （才……）
(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
句型46
用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：
(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.
(2) was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）
(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排
(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,
want, wish ．．．
常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；
或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望
(5) wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望．
(6) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，
表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情．
should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做
would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做
could have done = 本可以做某事而没做
might have done 本可以做而没做
句型47
倍数句型：
(1)倍数＋比较级＋than．．．，
(2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as．．．，
(3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of．．．
句型48
动词不定式常用句型：
(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.
某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.
(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.
(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.
(5) ．．．．形容词／副词＋enough to do sth．
(6) It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
(7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth
(8) do all he could to do sth
do what he could to do sth
do everything he could to do sth
(9) It is hard to imagine/ say … 很难想象/说……
句型49
动名词常用句型：
(1) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.
(有困难做某事)
(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……
(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth
(5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth
(6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth
(7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing
句型50
Not --- until 句型
(1) 陈述句 not --- until --- 直到……才
(2) 强调句 It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….
(3) 倒装句 Not until...did... 直到……才…….
句型51
since 句型：
(1) Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式
(2) It is + --- + since S +持续性谓语动词（表否定）
(3) It is + --- + since S + 瞬间谓语动词（表肯定）
句型52
让步状语从句：
(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
(2) No matter what等特殊疑问词... …无论什么…….
(3) However + adj/adv + S + V, 尽管……
(4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V，无论什么/哪里……
(5) whether … or not
(6) even if/though
句型53
违反常规的冠词位置句型：
(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.
(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n
(3) all/both/half/twice the + n
句型54
表示最高级的句型：
(1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
(2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级＋as
(3) 比较级＋than+any other +名词单数
比较级＋than +anything(anyone)else
比较级＋than + any of the others
(4) 否定词 +比较级
(5) be the last ----
句型55
more --- than 句型：
(1) more --- than 与其……不如……
(2) more than 超过；不仅仅是；非常
(3) not more than 最多，不超过
(4) no more than 仅仅
句型56
形式宾语与宾语补语句型：
(1) 形式宾语代动词不定式
(2) 形式宾语代从句
(3) 过去分词做宾语补语表示宾语被动的动作：
(4) 现在分词做宾语补语表示宾语正在进行的动作。
(5) 以名词（间或可用代词）作宾语补足语：
(6) 介词短语做宾语补语：如：
(7) What do you find the hardest in... 你觉得……最大的困难是什么
句型57
特殊的条件句：
(1) Suppose/ Supposing ---, 假如……
(2) On condition that只要……；如果……
(3) provided (that)/ providing ----- 只要……
(4) so/as long as
(5) 祈使句+and + 陈述句(表肯定）
(6) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陈述句 (表否定）
(7) …won't...unless... 除非……否则我不会…….
句型58
特殊的比较句型：
(1) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)
(2) ...varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)
(3) A is superior(inferior) to B. A 优越于B
(4) be different from
(5) be inferior to
(6) A and B have sth in common. A 和B 有共同点。
句型59
必须背诵的There be 句型：
(1) There is no immediate solution to the problem .
(2) There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
(3) There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问,…….
(4) There's no point in... ……是无意义的.
(5) There's no way... ……绝不可能.
(6) There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）
(7)There is no need/use/harm/hurry in doing sth
(8) There no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
句型60
time 句型：
(1) the first time 引导的状语从句
(2) (the) next time 引导的状语从句
(3) the last time 引导的状语从句
(4) each time/every time 引导的状语从句
(5) It is ／was the first／last／second ／third time ＋从句（完成时态）
(6)It is high time that sb did (should do) sth 该……的时候了。
(7) by the time + 从句 就在……时候；到……时候为止
(8) It's time for sb to do sth
(9) It's time for sth
句型61
几种重要的表语从句句型：
(1) The point is that ... 重点/关键是…….
(2) The chance is that … 有可能……
(3) The fact is that … 事实是……
(4) The problem/question is that … 问题是……
(5)That is ---
句型62
so/such that句型
(1) so that （引导结果状语从句）结果……
(2) so that = in order that （目的状语从句）以便，为了
(3) so +形容词+（或a/an+ 名词）+that 如此……以致于……
(4) such +名词（或an/a+形容词 + 名词）+--- that
句型63
表示“也、同样”的句型
(1) too 用于肯定
(2) also 用于陈述句
(3) either 用于否定句
(4) so 用于肯定的倒装句
(5) neither/nor 用于否定的倒装句
(6) as well 用于句末
(7) so it is/was with = so it is/was the same with 用于包含不同种类的动词
(8) The same is true of……，
(9) The same can be said of…… (……也是如此).
句型64
几种重要的同位语从句：
(1) 由where 引导
(2) 由what引导
(3) 由whether 引导
(4) 由who引导。
(5) 由when 引导
(6) 由that 引导
(7) 由how 引导
(8) 由why 引导
句型65
with复合宾语句型
(1) with + n + adj.
(2) with + n + adv
(3) with + n + 介词短语
(4) with + n + 动词不定式
(5) with + n + 现在分词
(6) with + n + 过去分词
句型66
have 复合宾语句型：
(1) have sb do sth
(2) have sb doing
(3) have sth done
句型67
几个重要的目的状语从句句型：
(1) in case
(2) for fear (that)
(3) so that
(4) in order that
句型68
几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句
(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like.
你想坐哪个位置就坐哪个位置。
(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.
任何一个砍树的人都必须受到惩罚。
(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the
office.
你可以把条子给你在办公室看到的任何一个人。
句型69
使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型：
(1) since句型：主句用完成时
(2) since when +完成时
(3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth
(4) by…（到……为止）到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止
用现在完成时，到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。
(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时
(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时
(7) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时
句型70
几种特殊的状语从句句型：
(1) everywhere 引导
(2) anywhere 引导
(3) the way 引导
(4) like 引导
(5) immediately引导
句型71
有关it的几个特殊句型 ：
(1) owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
(2) take it for granted that …想当然
(3) keep it in mind that…
(4) It can be seen from the statistics that ...从这个统计可看出……
(5). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，
enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like,
see to, appreciate, stand 宾语从句紧跟it之后
(6). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后
（except that例外）
(7) It must be pointed out that 必须指出的是
(8) It has been proved that… 有人已经证实……
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