这篇文章是Felicia Brittman从超过200份中国学生写的英文论文中总结的中国学生容易犯的错误。
丢失和错用冠词“a, an, the” [每个句子均摘自文献，这里没有列出，阅读全文可以获取原文。]
Incorrect: Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.Correct: Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.
Incorrect: The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.Correct:The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.这里全篇/整个研究只用了PowerSHAPE这一个3D modeling tool，因此是特指的。
Incorrect:A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of flows. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices is conducted.Correct:A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in a centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of flows. A systematical study of the number and distribution of vortices is conducted. Incorrect:Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact on environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials; consequently, it contributes greatly to resource conservation.Correct:Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in an EOF product thereby minimizing the impact on the environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials; consequently, it contributes greatly to resource conservation.
使用过长的句子
通常人们可以通过单词的数量来断定一个句子是否过长——超过60个单词。但是如果一个句子陈述的过多混淆了主要观点，也可以视为过长。Too long: According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
Correct: This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of the inlet cooling water provided by the chiller. Too long: The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the gear gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method, the existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.Correct: The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.另一个长句现象是列举一个对象的各项参数或对一个公式的解释，例如一个包含很多参数的公式，解释每个参数的含义用where, balabala，会导致句子很长很乱。这个时候可以在结构上稍微处理一下，较好的方式是改为list形式。
Too long: The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.
Clear:· Case clearance height 6.15 meters· Roof thickness 0.85 meters· Bottom thickness 0.90 meters· Overall width 26.6 meters· Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters· Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.)· Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)这里可以学习一下approx.的使用。倾向于先陈述目的、位置或方法等来引出中心思想。中心句放在最前。
Incorrect: For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.Correct:This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.
Incorrect: Especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used in industry and rapid prototype methods[5][6] bring a huge economical benefits, the advantage of constructing 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious.Correct: The advantage of constructing a 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used in industry and rapid prototype methods[5][6] bring a huge economical benefits. Incorrect: Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.Correct: The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos. Incorrect: In practice, we employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.Correct: We employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.
Incorrect: To ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality, CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production.Correct: CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.
When 引导的状语从句放在前面
Incorrect: When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.
Correct: Figure 8 shows the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.把重要的主语放在开头以便强调
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Incorrect: Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD odel, the extended STL format is described in this section.
Correct: The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.
Incorrect: The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models are designed precisely with complicated surfaces.
Correct: The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models with complicated surfaces are designed precisely.
关于respectively和respective的使用
第一种情况是respectively在句子中的位置错误，应该放在句末。
Incorrect: The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.Correct:The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.第二种情况是没必要使用respectively，respectively插入句子中表示一定的顺序。如果句子中某个其他位置已经暗含顺序，或者不需要表达顺序关系则不需要插入respectively
Incorrect: If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are, respectively, above acertain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively, below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.
Correct: If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy4.In this paper 和 In this study的误用
第一种错误是过度使用。两个短语是主要有两种用法（1）在引言和结论部分强调本文的研究内容；（2）在论文的正文部分，引用作者之前发表在其他文章中的成果后，然后使用这个词来表述接下来继续做的内容。所以一般一篇文章中此类词语不超过3个，否则有过度使用嫌疑。
第二种错误是两者混用。In this paper指行文内容和结构；In this study指作者做的研究。
Awkward: In the paper, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.
Correct: In this study, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.数字和公式在文本句子中的使用
（1）罗马数字不用再句首。Incorrect: 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.
Correct: Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.
（2）一般信息中不使用罗马数字Incorrect: All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.
Correct: All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.
（3）文本中使用单词表达符号，例如>为is greater than
Incorrect: If the power battery SOC > SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,…
Correct: If the power battery SOC is greater than SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,…“such as” 和“etc.”的错误使用
中文中应该也不能一起使用，“例如……等等”显得冗余。其次，如果列举了所有情况就不要再用such as了。
Incorrect: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc.
Correct: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers.
Incorrect: Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.
Correct: Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.其他
1）一些原型可以表示复数的词汇：literature（指研究）, equipment, staff, faculty等。
2）避免使用词汇冗余：
3）一些形容词所修饰的名词应该为复数，例如different, various等。
4）句子不要以缩略词，如Fig.，或罗马数字开头。
5）不要用'by this way'，要用'by doing this'、'using this method'。
6）不要用'How to ...'开头。No: How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.Yes: Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.
7）不要写成“the results are showed as Figure 2”, 而要写为 “the results are shown in Figure 2”
8）句子中的变量用斜体以区分其他不同的词汇。
9）避免使用“that is to say”和“namely”，尽量在一个句子中表达。
10）在写作中避免使用非正式词汇。
