2019年Text3
主题:美国农业需依靠外来劳动力
题目:U.S. farms can't compete without foreign worker 离开了外籍劳动力,美国农场将失去竞争力
来源:Bloomberg Businessweek 《彭博商业周刊》
大意:文章开篇提出美国农场主抱怨劳动力短缺的问题,并点出造成这一问题的原因:移民条例的缺陷。接着分析解决措施,最后提出建议。
段落结构:共8段
P1-2:提出问题
P1:提出主题:美国农工短缺,移民条例亟待改革。
P2:补充第一段,指出影响:如果不改变,后果将很严重。
P3-7:阐述问题解决方法。层层剥笋,将问题的解决方法一一呈现,由不可行的解决措施到可行的解决措施,再指出可行措施的局限。
P3:由美国农业劳动力特征的变化引出一种不可行解决措施:让本土工人重回农场。
P5:介绍现行解决措施:借助H-2A签证引入外籍劳工。
P6:分析H-2A签证这一解决措施的缺陷:流程繁复、昂贵且不可靠。P8:总结收束,重申主题:委婉地强调进口外籍劳工。31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraph?(细节题)Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
②The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
译:如果没有对农场工人移民条例的彻底改革,这些抱怨就不大可能停止。
①Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry.
译:美国国会一直在阻挠为农业工人创设一个更简易的签证以允许外籍工人在美国停留更长时间并在行业内更换工作的努力。
②If this doesn't change,American businesses,communities,and consumers will be the losers.
译:如果这种情况不改变,美国的企业、社区和消费者都将成为受害者。
32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.(细节题)
the aging of immigrant farm workers.
①Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.②As fewer such workers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.
译:随着越来越少的此类工人进入美国,美国农业劳动力的特征也正在发生变化。
③Today's farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.
译:今天的农场工人,虽然仍然主要出生于墨西哥,但他们更有可能定居在美国而不是移居,并且更有可能已婚而不是单身。
⑤At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.
译:本世纪初,大约三分之一的农作物工人年龄在35岁以上。⑦And picking crops is hard on older bodies.
33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?(细节题)To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along:Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.
译:针对这一劳动力短缺问题的一个备受争议的解决方案,仍然一如既往的不现实:(因为)美国本土工人不会重返农场。
34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its_______.(细节题—因果细节题—问原因找原因)
slow granting procedures.
①The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 a year.译:H-2B非农业工作签证每年上限为6.6万个,与此不同,H-2A签证没有数量上限。
②Even so,employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need.
译:即便如此,雇主们仍抱怨他们未能获得他们需要的足够的工人。③The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.译:这个过程(H-2A签证的办理流程)繁琐,昂贵,而且不可靠。
④One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late.译:一项调查发现,官僚作风的拖延使得持H-2A签证的工人到岗时间平均延迟了22天。
35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?(主题题)
In effect,the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
译:实际上,美国可以进口食物,也可以进口采摘食物的工人。
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