英语PK台

The Golden Rules
[Golden Rule #1] Every syllable begins with a consonant
[Golden Rule #2] Maintain the correct number of syllables.
The 5 kinds of Linking Techniques
A. Vowel to Consonant
1. There’s a book on the table.
B. Geminates
1. Same: It takes two to tango.
2. Similar: I made Tim do it.
C. Omission
1. T dropping: What? / I wasn’t sent here as a punishment
2. D dropping:
3. H Silencing: He’s in his office
D. Transformation
1. Don’t you
2. Didn’t you
3. Want to
4. Going to
5. Got to
E. Insertion (Watch video online)
1. Idea
2. Situation

Vowel to Consonant （元音+辅音）
What am I saying? (Warm up)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.

1. wi lef dɪ dæ də res trɑn
2. teɪ kə lə kæ dæn diz web sɑɪt


A. Vowel to Consonant: If a syllable or a word begins with a vowel, then it needs to link to the consonant in front of it. We do this because of Golden Rule #1.
1. …come on in…
e.g. When I saw him at the door, I told him to come on in.
2.…get out of…
e.g. I have to get out of the house.
3.…middle of (sth)…
e.g. He called me in the middle of the night
4.…end of…
e.g. At the end of the day, nothing really matters.
5.…as a…
e.g. As a teacher, I should have more patience.
6.…in a…
e.g. We’ll leave in a minute.
7.…on a…
e.g. I left on a plane to Beijing.
8.…at a…
e.g. We left it at a restaurant.
9.…of a…
e.g. It’s hard to understand the mind of a student.
10.…take a look at (sth)…
e.g. Take a look at Andy’s website.

Geminates 相似辅音连读
What am I saying? (Warmup)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.

1. wi gɑ də ge dɑʊ də hiər.
2. le mi si ðæ bʊk.
3. lʊ kɪ mi we nɑim tɔ kɪ nə ju

1. We got to get out of here
2. Let me see that book
3.Look at me when I'm talking to you

Today's Focus
A.Geminates:If sounds that are the same.Twin sounds.Double sounds.
1.Same sounds:This truck can seat ten people
2.Similar:I made Tim do it

Similar sounds Example sentence
S Z The dogs sat on the couch.
ʃ ʒ I wish”genre”,wasn’t so hard to pronounce.
T d I’m at Dan’s house.
P b Make the app bigger.
K g I’m on the park grounds
F V Self violence is bad.
T ð/θ I’m at the office.
3.Not J!The "j",sound is the only sound that cannot be linked through geminates
I want orange juice.
B.Most commonly used geminates

Phrase Example sentence
…need to… I need to talk to you.
…at the end… The cafe is at the end of the road.
…what to… What do you think about our program?
…want to… I want to go home.
…what did… What did he say?
…what that… Do you know what that means?
…what this… Do you what this says?

The 5 kinds of Linking Techniques
A.Vowel to Consonant
1. There’s a book on the table.
B. Geminates
1. Same: It takes two to tango.
2. Similar: I made Tim do it.
C. Omission
1. T dropping: What? / I wasn’t sent here as a punishment
2. D dropping:
3. H Silencing: He’s in his office
D. Transformation
1. Don’t you
2. Didn’t you
3. Want to
4. Going to
5. Got to
E. Insertion (Watch video online)
1. Idea
2. Situation

金牌连读（三）Omission 发音省略
What am I saying? (Warmup)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.

1. gɪ vɪ mə kɔl we nju ge doʊm.
2. te lɪ mɑɪ mɑn mɑɪ weɪ.
3. te lər rɑɪ toʊl dɪm tə goʊ hoʊm.


2. T-dropping: This is the most common form of omission. We drop the T sound when it’s the end of a syllable and the next syllable begins with a consonant.
A. What do you think about this?
B. I just want to go home.
C. I wasn’t going to eat today.
D. I don’t care.
E. I can’t do it tonight, how about tomorrow?

2. D-dropping: We drop the D sound when it’s the end of a syllable and the next syllable begins with a consonant.
A. I had to go to Taiwan for Chinese New year.
B. I need to buy some Chinese children’s books to read.

3. H Silencing: We drop the H sound when it’s the beginning of a syllable and the syllable before it ends in a consonant.
A. She handed in her assignment to the teacher.
B. I asked him to do it tomorrow.
C. Caller?! I barely know her!
金牌连读（四）今日要领：Transformation词语的变体变形
What am I saying? (Warmup)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.
1. hi dəv dʌ nɪ’dɪ frɪn’li
2. ɑɪ wʊ də nəv bɪn tɔ kɪnɪ fɑɪniu wi wʌz gʌ nə ge dʌp se’

1. He would have done it differently
2. I wouldn’t have been talking if I knew he was going to get upset
Transformation:
This is one of the harder aspects of linking. It’s much harder to predict and there are less rules that govern it. Transformation linking is a big change in pronunciation. The change is so different that the sound of the words completely transform from their original pronunciation. Sometimes, the best way to learn transformation is to hone your listening skills and mimic the language that you hear. But there are three kinds of Transformation that we can discuss.
Note: This is the only Linking Rule that may violate the 2nd Golden Rule. The number of syllables will change in most kinds of transformation.
2. Contractions: These are easier to understand and far more systematized. It is also taught in schools and recognized by everyone.
· Recognized
· Can not = Can’t
· Do not = Don’t
· Will not = Won’t
· Have not = Haven’t
· They have = They’ve
· Partly Recognized
· There is = There’s
· That is = That’s
· this is = This’s
· Unrecognized
· They would have = They’d’ve = They’d’ve called me earlier but they were busy.
· They have a = They’ve’a = They’ve’a nice house in New York City.
3. G-dropping: Words that end in “-ing,”turn into “in.”
A. Talking about = I don’t know what you’re talkin’about
B. Having a good time = I’m havin’a good time
C. Teaching a student = I’m teachin’a student after this show.
4. (T->U = tʃəu ) & (D->U = dʒəu)
A. Did you = dɪdʒəu Did you watch the new episode of Game of Thrones?
B. Couldn’t you = kʊdən tʃəu Couldn’t you just wait until next week?
5. Commonly-used word combinations: The most commonly heard English is the least clear. Over time, it will have its own kind of pronunciation. These transformations of the English language defy all logical reasoning and are extremely hard to predict. As a teacher, I believe that it’s wrong to answer a student’s question with “That’s just the way it is,”but unfortunately, this is the only answer I can give when students ask about this type of transformation. And so, I hate this type of linking the most.
· Got to = gotta
· Kind of = kinda
· Sort of = sorta
· a lot of = lotta
e.g. In Beijing, you gotta drink a lot of water.
· “Could of, would of, should of,”= “coulda, woulda, shoulda”
· Going to = gonna
· Want to = wanna
e.g. You’re gonna wanna wear a tie tomorrow
· What are you doing? = watcha doin’?
e.g. Watcha doin’tomorrow morning?



金牌连读（五）Insertion 添加音与插入音
What am I saying? (Warmup)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.

1. jʊl si mi jɪnəmʌnθ
2. ʃi jɪnɑɪsdɑər dɪdəfɑɪjər bɑɪjæk sɪdən’

1. You'll see me in a month.
2. She and I started a fire by accident.

Insertion:
Sometimes when we cut a dialogue into syllables, we have a problem. The problem is that we will end up with two vowel sounds and no consonant between them. Remember that we can’t have any syllables begin with a vowel. All syllables MUST begin with a consonant.
Here is an example:
Idea = ɑɪ di ə
Situation = sɪtʃəu eɪʃɪn

In this situation, we have a problem. There isn’t a consonant that we can put between these two syllables. So in this situation, we will actually “insert,”our own consonant between them.
Idea = ɑɪdi jə
Situation = sɪtʃəu weɪʃɪn
Intra-word Insertion:
That means it happens inside of a word. Here are some other examples.


Serious = siər ri jəs
Furious = fiər ri jəs
Quiet = kwɑɪjɪt
Graduation = grædʒəu weɪʃɪn
Visual = vɪʒəu wəl
So how come sometimes we add a “j,”sound and sometimes we add a “w,”sound? When do we add which sound? Well usually, in American English, consecutive vowel syllables only happen when the first vowel syllable is a long vowel. Let’s take a look at the long vowels then.
Inter-word Insertion
Insertion can also happen between words. It still goes by the same principles.
Here are some examples:

He sent me an email about the account
hi sen’ mi jə ni meɪl lə bɑʊ’ thi jə kɑʊn’

You and I can talk about this later
ju wə nɑɪ kən tɔ kə bɑʊ’ ðɪs leɪ dər

We’re all going out tonight, are you in?
wiər rɔl goʊ wɪ nɑʊ’ tə nɑɪt ɑər ju wɪ nər rɑʊ’?