俄乌冲突，让大家更加熟悉了乌克兰这个国家。
你以为乌克兰天寒地冻？其实，它也在温带大陆上，
而且还被称为“欧洲粮仓”，和俄罗斯一起供应着欧洲粮食。
冲突开始之后，网络上有不良之人开始发出：
俄乌冲突会给我国的粮食安全带来威胁，粮价要涨，赶紧囤粮！
好好读一读这篇文章，我相信，事实会告诉我们：谣言会不攻自破的！
有人连一日三餐都不能保证，有人还在往河里倒牛奶，这就是农业浪费的现象。
这种现象不罕见，曾出现在很多国家。
那原因为何呢，有的是农产品不达标准，无法出口，被扔掉；
有的农产品是供过于求，造成浪费，被扔掉。
伊朗也是个农业国家，不要以为它只有战争和石油喔！
农业浪费的现象在伊朗也有，而且还很严重。
今天来读一篇《科学》Science上的文章：
Iran’s agricultural waste-伊朗的农业浪费现象
Global agricultural waste poses a serious threat to food security. Each year, Iran wastes 35 million tons of food in different harvesting stages, 25 times more than the annual agricultural waste produced by developed countries.
每年，伊朗在不同收获阶段浪费的食物有3500万吨，是很多发达国家每年农产品浪费的25倍之多。
The wasted products in Iran could feed 15 million people annually. The value of the wasted food is equal to the value of half of the country’s oil revenue.
浪费的这些农产品能够每年喂饱1500万人。浪费的这些农产品的价值相当于伊朗出口石油收入的一半。
By wasting food, Iran is also wasting the 300 million liters of fuel and the 13.7 billion cubic meters of water that were required to produce it.
除了浪费农产品，为了生产这些农产品，伊朗还浪费了3亿公升的燃料，137亿立方米的水。
Because of drought conditions and a climate with three times the global average evaporation rate, Iran devotes 90% of its water consumption to agriculture.
由于干旱以及蒸发率比世界平均蒸发率大三倍的地理位置，伊朗的用水量很大，90%的用在了农业上。
Iran must mitigate food waste for the sake of food security, water sustainability, and human safety.
所以，为了食品安全，水资源可持续利用以及人类的安全，伊朗必须遏制自己的食品浪费行为！伊朗的农业浪费原因在哪？
Iran’s inadequate farming practices contribute to food waste. Farmers lack necessary knowledge about the benefits of modern agricultural techniques and productive cultivation patterns. Because of rising and unregulated prices, many farmers cannot afford modern agricultural equipment, packing techniques, warehousing systems, or refrigeration rooms.
缺乏足够的农业知识和现代先进的农业技术是一大原因。
而因为农产品价格上涨，且没有监管，很多农业买不起现代农用设备，从而让农业产出很低效。
Some waste occurs because crops are not purchased, transported, or distributed efficiently. Products such as watermelons, tomatoes, and apples are particularly vulnerable to weaknesses in the supply chain. Insufficient government oversight allows interference by middlemen, which can lead to the production of more supply than demand and the excess produce, such as oranges, going to waste.
粮食销售不畅和物流不通，中间商赚差价让农产品出现了供过于求，造成浪费。比如橙子，西瓜等水果。
Consumers also contribute to waste. Government subsidies on some products incentivize buying more food than one can eat. A range of factors influence how likely consumers are to let food go to waste, and current government policies do not take this information into account.
消费者也扮演了帮凶。政府补贴刺激，让消费者购买了过多的农产品，结果食用不完，就被扔掉了。政府和农民该如何去做？
Iran’s government could reduce agricultural waste by improving farming standards and providing better incentives. Legislation should be passed to manage import and export of crops, guarantee purchase of products from farmers, reduce transaction costs, and provide agricultural insurance.
政府要提高农业标准和提供更好的刺激方案。管理农产品进出口，减少交易费，提供农业保险。
Farmers should receive more support to fight pests and plant diseases, modernize farming equipment, provide efficient cold storage of raw products, and develop new methods of warehousing such as dynamic and smart atmosphere control systems, advanced ventilation, and online control.
农民要学会使用现代农业设备和农业种植手段。对农作物和市场进行动态检测。
Small farmers should receive financial support for setting aside cultivation to prevent production that is in excess of consumption.
政府给予小农金融支持，避免供过于求的状况。
The government should invest in the development of new technologies for protecting and harvesting agricultural products more safely. Some agricultural waste should be used as organic fertilizer, clean fuels, and bio(nano)materials.
政府要加大对农业新技术和投资力度，同时让农业生产更安全、环保。
Beyond government, broad national mass media coverage should emphasize the proper consumption of agricultural products.
除了政府，大众媒体也要倡导合理的农产品消费。
如果这些被浪费掉的农产品，送到那些还挨饿的国家，世界会更好！
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