本文翻译非字对字翻译，仅供参考。Only
days after a British publisher came under fire for edits made to Roald Dahl’s
children’s books, the Telegraph revealed Feb. 25 that James Bond was getting
the same treatment. Just as Dahl’s books would be adjusted to remove language
that today’s readers deem offensive, the estate of Bond author Ian Fleming has
conducted a sensitivity review before an upcoming reissue of the spy novels.在现代，经典作品也逃脱不了被改写的命运。儿童文学作品中描写了关于黑人等话题的语言被认为具有攻击性，所以要被删除或改写。即使像英语著名儿童文学家罗尔德·达尔的作品以及《邦德》系列作品也要被适当地改写一下。It’s
hard for anyone to argue in favor of the language in question—in Dahl’s case,
offensive terms relating to race, gender, weight, and mental health have been
rewritten; in Fleming’s, language describing Black people has particularly come
under the microscope, though Bond’s notorious attitude toward women will
reportedly remain. The reaction to the news is a case study in both why such a
decision would draw scrutiny, and why publishers and authors’ estates may see
it as in their best interest regardless.在经典儿童作品中，凡是涉及到种族、性别、体重、心理疾病等话题都要被重写。而且，涉及到黑人的内容尤其受到严格审查。 所以，出版社在重印这些经典作品时，为了达到能够顺利出版，只能根据一些法律规范，重新改写经典作品。Dahl,
whose works have sold more than 300 million copies worldwide, is an
illustrative example. In the years since his death in 1990, some have turned
their focus to a number of racist and sexist tropes in his works. (Before his
death too: in the first edition of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Oompa-Loompas were pygmies from “the deepest and darkest part of the African jungle”;
that changed after pressure from Dahl’s publisher.) Puffin Books, a children’s
imprint of Penguin Books, worked with the Roald Dahl Story Company (RDSC), which
is now owned by Netflix, to review the texts before issuing new editions. RDSC
says it hopes the resulting rewrites ensure that “Dahl’s wonderful stories and
characters continue to be enjoyed by all children today.”罗尔德的《查理与巧克力工厂》堪称经典，但是里面的Oompa-Loompas这个角色被描述成了来自非洲丛林的侏儒。而这也引起了审查机关的注意。 于是，这样的经典也要在这些地方进行重写或者改写。
The
review was conducted with Inclusive Minds, an organization that works with the
children’s book world to support diversity and inclusion. The group told TIME
they “do not write, edit, or rewrite texts, but provide book creators with
valuable insight from people with the relevant lived experience that they can
take into consideration.”审查的目的当然是为了促进多样化和包容性。Hundreds
of changes have reportedly been made to Dahl’s body of work. These edits
include a line in James and the Giant Peach, recast from “I’d rather be fried
alive and eaten by a Mexican!” to “I’d rather be fried alive and eaten.” In
Matilda, a mention of going to India with English novelist Rudyard Kipling— who
has been variously labeled a colonialist, a racist, and a misogynist in recent
years—has been cut and a reference to Jane Austen has been added.据说，罗尔德的作品已经被修改了上百处，包括《詹姆斯与巨桃》中的这样一句话：我宁愿被活活烤死，也不要被墨西哥人吃掉。 更改后的版本去掉了墨西哥人。Some
critics, like Suzanne Nossel, CEO of PEN America, have argued that Dahl’s work
should stand as is, with new introductions to prepare readers with context. In
a Twitter thread, she wrote that the “problem” with rewrites “is that there is
no limiting principle.” And Booker Prize–winning author Salman Rushdie tweeted:
“Roald Dahl was no angel but this is absurd censorship.” Amid the backlash,
Penguin Random House announced on Feb. 24 it would continue to publish
“classic” versions of Dahl’s books alongside the revised versions.对于这种修改，有人赞成、有人反对。还有出版公司，同时发行两种版本，未删减版和删减版。Yet
Karen Sands-O’Connor, a professor of children’s literature at Newcastle
University, says there is a precedent for rewriting texts—including the
Oompa-Loompas—and a reason publishers go to the trouble. She says they have
three choices: stop publishing the work and lose money, continue publishing the
original texts amid controversy, or tailor the texts to today’s audience.
Sands- O’Connor says the third is the “least problematic option”—but an even
better approach is discovering new and exciting authors. “The books are out
there,” she says, “people just need to look for them.经典作品不再出版，就没钱赚；不做任何删改，就会引起争议；做出删改就能迎合当今的读者。
