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01. src family Src家族 Src family kinases are prototypical ([ˌprəʊtəˈtɪpɪk(ə)l] na.“prototypal”的变体,原型的) modular signaling proteins.
02. interleukin [ɪn'tə'lʊkɪn] n.白细胞间介素 interleukin (IL), any of a group of naturally occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells. Interleukins regulate cell growth, differentiation ([ˌdɪfəˌrenʃɪ'eɪʃn] n.【生】分化), and motility ([məʊ'tɪlɪtɪ] n.【生】运动力).
03. intrinsic [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] adj.固有的；内在的 originating or due to causes within a body, organ, or part // I pursue science for the intrinsic joy of discovery. 我投身科学是为了科学发现所带来的快乐。
04. nuclear transcription 核转录
transcription [trænˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] n.转录，抄写 the process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template ([ˈtemˌpleɪt] n.模板) with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA. Nuclear receptors bind directly to DNA regulating the expression of adjacent genes; hence these receptors are classified as transcription factors （转录因子）.
ribosome ['raɪbəsəʊm] n.【生化】核糖体 A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found inside the living cells that produce proteins from amino acids during a process called protein synthesis or translation.
05. platelet-derived growth factor un.血小板衍生生长因子 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) constitutes a family of dimeric isoforms ([daɪ'merɪk] ['aɪsɔ:fɔ:m] 二聚体亚型), acting on connective tissue (结缔组织) cells and certain other cell types. PDGF was originally discovered as a constituent ([kənˈstɪtjʊənt] n.成分) of platelets, which are released into serum in conjunction with (na.与…共同；连带着) blood coagulation ([kəʊˌæɡjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] n.凝固(作用)).
06. monomer [ˈmɒnəmə(r)] n.【化】单体 a chemical compound that can undergo polymerization (n.缩聚；〔化〕聚合)
07. translocate ['trænsləʊˌkeɪt] v.改变…的位置；移置 transfer of part of a chromosome ([ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] n.染色体) to a different position especially on a nonhomologous (['nɒnhɒmɒləɡəs] adj.非同源的) chromosome
08. the Janus family (JAKs) Members of the Janus family of tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2) are activated by ligands binding to a number of associated cytokine receptors. Upon cytokine receptor activation, JAK proteins become autophosphorylated and phosphorylate (['fɒsfərɪleɪt] v.使磷酸化) their associated receptors to provide multiple binding sites for signaling proteins.
(它们最初被命名为"just another kinase"1和2（因为这只是基于PCR的筛选发现的大量激酶中的两个）但最后发表为“Janus kinase”。“Janus”这个名字起自罗马神话中代表开始与结束的两面神雅努斯，因为JAK激酶具有两个几乎一样的转移磷酸基团的结构域。其中一个结构域表现出激酶活性，而另一个结构域调控第一个激酶的活性。)
09. inotropic receptors 正性肌力电影
inotropic [inəuˈtrəupɪk] adj.正性肌力的 increasing or decreasing the force of muscular ([ˈmʌskjʊlə(r)] adj.肌肉的) contractions
-tropic [ˈtrɒpɪk] adj.【生】向性的 turning, changing, or tending to turn or change in a (specified) manner or in response to a (specified) stimulus / attracted to or acting upon (something specified) // neurotropic [ˌnjʊərə'trɒpɪk] adj.嗜神经组织的
10. distinguish …from… 区别；区分；识别 to mark off as different (often fol. by from or by ): // His height distinguishes him from the other boys. 他的身高是他不同于其他男孩的特点。
11. metabotropic [meˌtæbəˈtrɒpɪk] 促代谢型 relating to or being a receptor for glutamate (['glu:təˌmeɪt] n.【化】[谷氨]酸盐) that when complexed with G protein triggers increased production of certain intracellular messengers
12. synapse [ˈsaɪnæps] n.（神经元的）突触 the point at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another
13. intermediary [ˌɪntə(r)ˈmiːdiəri] n.中间人；调解人 adj.中间人的；媒介的 acting as a mediator // I’d like to know if you give a commission to your intermediaries. 我想知道你们是否给中间商佣金。
14. imperative [ɪm'perətɪv] adj.重要紧急的；迫切的 very important and needing immediate attention or action // It is imperative that you learn the truth, not necessarily the facts. 你必须了解真相，而不一定是真实。
15. acetylcholine [ˌæsɪtɪl'kɒli:n] n.乙酰胆碱 Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter ([ˌæsɪtɪl'kɒli:n] n.乙酰胆碱) and neuromodulator (神经调节物质). This means it works by sending signals between nerves.
16. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) 氨基丁酸 GABA is an inhibitory ([ɪn'hɪbɪtərɪ] adj.禁止的) neurotransmitter. It lessens a nerve cell’s ability to receive, create or send chemical messages to other nerve cells.
17. serotonin [ˌsɪərəˈtəʊnɪn] n.5- 羟色胺 Serotonin is responsible for mood regulation. It can reduce feelings of depression and anxiety and increase feelings of joy or happiness.
18. lipophilic [ˌlɪpə'fɪlɪk] adj.亲脂的；嗜肥的 having an affinity ([ə'fɪnəti] n.类同；喜好) for lipids (such as fats)
lipid ['lɪpɪd] n.脂质；类脂 lip- variants or lipo-: fat : fatty tissue : fatty
-philic having a chemical affinity for
-phobic lacking chemical affinity for
19. steroid hormones 类固醇激素 A steroid hormone is a steroid ([ˈstɪərɔɪd] n.类固醇) that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids ([ˌkɔ:tɪkəʊs'tɪrɔɪd] n.【生化】(肾上腺)皮质激素类) (typically made in the adrenal cortex (n.肾上腺皮质), hence cortico-) and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads ([ˈɡəʊnæd] n.【生化】性腺) or placenta ([plə'sentə] n.胎盘))
20. estrogen [ˈiːstrədʒən] n.雌激素 any of various natural steroids (such as estradiol [estrə'daɪəʊl] n.【化】雌二醇) that are formed from androgen (['ændrədʒən] n.雄激素) precursors ([priːˈkɜː(r)sə(r)] n.前兆), that are secreted chiefly by the ovaries ([ˈəʊv(ə)ri] n.【解】卵巢), placenta, adipose ([ˈædɪˌpəʊs] adj.用于贮存脂肪的) tissue, and testes (['testɪs] n.【解】testicle 睾丸), and that stimulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and promote the growth and maintenance of the female reproductive system
21. progesterone [prəʊˈdʒestərəʊn] n.孕酮；黄体酮 secreted by the corpus luteum (na.黄体) to prepare the endometrium ([ˌendəʊ'mi:trɪəm] n.【解】子宫内膜) for implantation and later by the placenta during pregnancy to prevent rejection of the developing embryo ([ˈembriˌəʊ] n.【生】胚胎) or fetus ([ˈfiːtəs] n.胎儿)
22. testosterone [teˈstɒstərəʊn] n.睾酮；睾丸素 produced especially by the testes or made synthetically and that is responsible for inducing and maintaining male secondary sex characters
23. aldosterone [æl'dɒstərəʊn] n.【生化】醛甾酮 a steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex that functions in the regulation of the salt and water balance of the body
24. retinoic acid [reti'nɒik 'æsid] 视黄酸 Retinoic acid (vitamin A) is a biologically active retinoid (['retɪnɔɪd] n.视黄酸类；视黄醇)
25. repress [rɪ'pres] v.抑制；压抑 to inactivate (a gene or formation of a gene product) by allosteric ([ˌælə'sterɪk] adj.〔生〕变构；别构的) combination at a DNA binding site
26. vicinity [vəˈsɪnəti] n.附近；周围地区 a surrounding area or district // There are no houses for sale in this vicinity. 北京周围有不少风景区。
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