Terminal Points

首先一张图，扫盲标点符号的英文表达

https://www.thepunctuationguide.com/

★

。？！

Terminal points

。

Period

句号省略一：句尾遇到？和！

If a sentence otherwise ends with a question mark or exclamation point, the period is omitted. 

句号省略二：句尾句号遇到缩写词句号

If a sentence ends with an abbreviation, the period used for the abbreviation also serves as the period for the sentence. 

大写缩写省略句号（在括号里也一样）

小写和大小混写缩写要有表省略的句号

Examples: 

a.m., etc., vol., Inc., Jr., Mrs., Tex.

FBI, IRS, ATM, NATO, NBC, TX

科技缩略语统统无省略句号

Examples: kHz (kilohertz), rpm (revolutions per minute), kg (kilogram), Na (sodium), 1st (first). 

然而一些大写缩写，包括学术词，保留句号

Examples: U.S. (United States), J.D. (Juris Doctor法学博士), D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery牙科医生).

Some authorities, including The Chicago Manual of Style, favor omitting the periods in the previous examples.

间接疑问句以句号结尾

An indirect question ends with a period, not a question mark.

句尾是小括号

If a sentence ends with a parenthetical that is only part of a larger sentence, the period is placed outside the closing parenthesis.If the parenthetical is itself an entire sentence, the period is placed inside the closing parenthesis.若括号里是完整句子，句号在小括号里，反之在外

Example:

Hotel rooms are likely to be in short supply throughout August (the peak travel period).

Their house was the largest one on the block. (It also happened to be the ugliest.)

句尾为引用，句号放在引用词里

If a sentence ends with quoted material, the period is placed inside the closing quotation mark, even if the period is not part of the original quotation.

Example:

The president’s speech both began and ended with the word “freedom.”

如果引用的材料本身以问号或感叹号结尾，则省略句号

Note, however, that if the quoted material itself ends with a question mark or exclamation point, the period is omitted.

？

Question mark

The question mark is used at the end of a direct question. Indirect questions take a period.

句中的直接问句，无需逗号隔断

When a direct question occurs within a larger sentence, it takes a question mark. Note that in the examples below, the question mark supplants the comma that would syntactically belong in its place.

问号是作品标题的一部分时，语法上必须保留逗号

请求句不算问句，不能用问号结尾

Requests that are phrased as questions should end with a period. These are really requests or commands, and not true questions.

Example:

Would you please send this report to the person indicated on the cover.

括号配问号，表达不确定性

The question mark can be used to indicate editorial uncertainty, either in parentheses or in brackets. Some authorities include a space between the uncertain word and the opening parenthesis; others omit the space.

Example :

The patient reported taking 15(?) milligrams of alprazolam.

According to his biographer, Smith “bought the company in 1985 [1984?], but he wasn’t actively engaged in its management until 1990.”

！

Exclamation point

据说一个作家蔑视读者最明显的方式就是完全忽略标点符号。其次就是大量使用感叹号。

The most flagrant way a writer demonstrates contempt for his readers is by ignoring punctuation altogether. A close second is the abundant use of the exclamation point.

句尾：interrobang问叹号

The Chicago Manual of Style芝加哥格式手册在2010年发布的16版中才允许？！标点符号在一起结句

句中：当引号以感叹号结尾时

When a quotation ends with an exclamation point, a comma that would ordinarily be placed inside the closing quotation mark is omitted.通常放在结束引号内的逗号将被省略

如果感叹号是作品标题或专有名词的一部分

则应保留逗号

As editorial comment 作为编辑评论

作家有时会在括号中加一个感叹号，表示他们对所引用的内容感到惊讶或高兴。在正式写作中避免这种情况。

Writers sometimes place an exclamation point in brackets to indicate their surprise or amusement at something being quoted. Avoid this in formal writing.