噔噔噔噔,小纸条们~ 美好的暑假已经开始啦!
从假期日更内容的征集情况来看,小纸条们对语法干货的呼声很高呀,尤其是想要看主谓一致、名词性从句和非谓语等知识点。这不,一向宠粉的纸条君今天先为大家安排上主谓一致啦~~✪ ω ✪
如果小纸条们想要复习倒装句或者把相关知识点分享给有需要的同学,请戳:
接下来就跟着纸条君一起开始主谓一致语法的学习吧~~✪ ω ✪
定 义
主谓一致是指句子的谓语受主语支配,在人称和数上必须与主语的人称和数保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
不清楚谓语动词有哪些以及如何变形的小纸条请看下表:(以一般现在时为主)
主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,也就是:
主语是单数,谓语用单数;
主语是复数,谓语用复数;
主语是不可数名词,谓语用单数。
简单了解之后,接下来让我们一起学习语法一致原则的详细内容吧!
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时:
这里先卖个关子,小纸条们先来观察以下两个小题,找找它们有什么不同吧~~
①The teacher and writer is from Guangzhou.
②The teacher and the writer are from Guangzhou.
不难发现,句子②只不过比句子①多了个定冠词the,却导致了这两个句子的谓语不同。是不是觉得很奇怪呀?别急,学习了以下内容之后,小纸条们就能明白为什么啦~
A.当and连接的两个单数主语表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
①The teacher and writer is from Guangzhou. 这位教师兼作家来自广州。
解析: and后的writer前不带the,因此the teacher and writer是指同一个人
注意:and前后连接的主语作为一个整体概念的常见短语有:
B.当and连接的两个单数主语表示两个人或两个不同的事物时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
②The teacher and the writer are from Guangzhou. 那位教师和那位作家都来自广州。
解析: and后的writer前带the,因此the teacher and the writer是指不同的两个人
总结:
当表示同一个人或同一个事物时,and后面的名词前没有冠词the,此时谓语动词用单数;若and连接的两个名词前均带有定冠词the,那么主语表示的是两个不同的人或事物,谓语动词要用复数。
(学完这个小知识点,相信小纸条们已经明白为啥前面两个小题使用的谓语是不一样的了吧?^∀^)
C.当这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
①Each doctor and (each) nurse was given flowers.
每个医生和护士都被赠予了鲜花。
②Every minute and every second is precious.
每分每秒都很珍贵。
③Many a student and teacher has participated in this activity.
许多学生和老师都参加了这次活动。
④No sound and no voice is heard in the classroom.
教室里没有任何声音。
(是不是有小纸条怀疑纸条君的be动词填错了?其实没有填错哈 ●>ω<● 快一起来看看究竟是怎么回事吧~)
A.由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of+名词作主语时,谓语的单复数形式要和kind保持一致。
①This kind of books is useful.B.“名词+of this/that kind”作主语时,谓语的单复数形式要和名词保持一致。
这种类型的书本很有帮助。
解析: this kind of books的kind是单数,因此谓语用单数is。
②Books of this kind are useful.注意:
这种类型的书本很有帮助。
解析: books of this kind要看名词,books是复数,因此谓语用复数are。
①To sing for the world is my life dream.B.动名词doing作主语时,如果一个动名词作主语,谓语用单数形式;两个或两个以上的动名词作主语(不同的事情),谓语用复数形式。
为世界歌唱是我一生的梦想。
②Where to go and what to buy for the weekend have not been decided yet.
周末去哪里和买什么还没有决定好。
①Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.C.单个从句作主语时,谓语用单数形式;多个从句作主语时,谓语用复数形式。
在摇滚音乐会上听吵闹的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。
②Listening to music and watching films are my favourite ways to kill time.
听音乐和看电影是我消遣时间的最好方式。
①That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.
现在我们都知道,他们在这些事情上是错误的。
②How close parents are to their children and how they teach their children have a strong influence on the life of children.
父母与孩子的亲密程度以及如何教育孩子对孩子的人生有很大的影响。
将下列两个陈述句改为倒装句:
A. My replies to your questions are here.
B. A beautiful lake lies in the South of the city.
【答案】
A. Here are my replies to your questions.
B. South of the city lies a beautiful lake.
(小纸条们做着做着是不是惊奇地发现倒装句和主谓一致还有联系呢?哈哈哈,生活处处皆惊喜~)
那么小纸条们发现了吗?
倒装句中的主谓一致,其谓语动词的单复数形式是由动词后面的主语决定的。
①Here comes the bus.
公交车来了。
②On the wall hang two pictures, which attract many people.
墙上挂着两幅画,吸引了很多人。
③At the station are a mother and two kids on their way to the city.
车站里有一个母亲和两个孩子,他们要去城里。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. A poet and artist _______(be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature tomorrow.
2. Bread and butter _______(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter _______(eat) up so far.
3. In our country every boy and every girl _______(have) the right to receive education.
4. At present, this kind of cartoons _______(sell) well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind _______(sell) badly.
5. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _______(be) often acceptable.
6. What we need _______(be) a qualified coach because being trained properly _______(be) of great importance.
7. Between the two rows of trees _______(stand) the newly built teaching building.
【答案】1. is 2. is; have been eaten 3. has 4. sells; sell 5. is 6. is; is 7. stands
今日份的练习大家答对了多少呀?
如果对练习的答案存在疑惑,想要答案解析的小纸条们,在下方评论让纸条君看到哦~~ ⌒∇⌒
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