An Introduction of the Great Globalization Debate – Held and McGraw’sBeliefs
Heldand McGraw (2000) defined globalization as the golden age in which the socialand economic are shared globally with the rapid spread of the informationrevolution. They divided globalization into six categories; conceptualizingglobalization, the reconfiguration of political power, the fate of nationalculture, a global economy, divided nations and unruly word, world orders andnormative futures. Each one is defined as follows:
1. Conceptualizingglobalization – It is concerned with the basic concept, myth and globalist’sresponse of globalization. Basic concept of globalization
2. The reconfiguration ofpolitical power – In which, the formation and the rule of the modern state andmoving towards a global politics are concerned.
3. The fate of nationalculture – From the sceptic’s resource of the story of national culture andcultural globalization.
4. A global economy? –Concentrate on the persistence of national economies and the new globaleconomy.
5. The divided nations andunruly world – Whether moving towards one world? And also, concerning thechallenge of enduring inequality.
6. World orders and normativefutures – Focus on the elements such as, political communitarianism and a global ethic.
Accordingto Held and McGrew, the great globalization debate ends in skeptics andglobalists’ views. The concepts of globalization has skeptic concerns about theinternationalization and regionalization whereas globalist concerns about oneworld which shapes by highly extensive, intensive and rapid flows, movementsand networks across regions and continents. The power of globalization has theskeptic which argues on the nation-state rules and about intergovernmentalismand globalist focuses on the erosion of state sovereignty, autonomy andlegitimacy, the decline of nation-state and also the rise of multilateralism.The skeptic of culture of globalization focuses on the resurgence ofnationalism and national identity whereas its’ globalist focus on the emergenceof global popular culture, the erosion of fixed political identities and thehybridization. Globalization in economy has skeptic that focuses on thedevelopment of regional blocs, traditional and new imperialism whereas theglobalist looks at the global information capitalism, looks at thetransnational economy and a new global division of labour. Globalization ininequality has skeptic on growing division of North and South and theirreconcilable conflicts of interest and its’ globalist focusing on the growinginequality within and across societies and as well as the erosion of oldhierarchies. Order globalization has the skeptic focuses on the internationalsociety of states, the political conflict between states inevitably persists,the international government and geopolitics and communitarianism whereas Orderglobalist focuses on the multilayered global governance, the global civilsociety and polity and the cosmopolitanism.
Thedefinition of the debates is to learn from both the skeptics and the globalistsand understand that the skeptical case needs to be carefully dissected becauseof its’ significantly historical background so that globalists’ views can bedefended. The globalists’ positions are to exaggerate the transformations ofthe organization of power, the changing nature of communication, the diffusionas well as the speed-up of technical change and spread of capitalist economicdevelopment. Held and mcGrew argued these arguments are of the mostsophisticated and of the higher-order and offer a comprehensive introduction tothe study of globalization.
Reference
Held,David and McGrew, Anthony (eds) (2000), "Th great globalisation debate: Anintroduction", Held, David and McGrew, Anthony (eds), The globaltransformations reader: An introduction to the globalisation debate, cambridge:Polity Press, 1-45.
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