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高考英语语法专题讲与练之名词性从句
高考英语语法专题讲与练◉专题十  名词性从句
名词性从句分类
主语从句
作主语,用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等连接词引导。
宾语从句
作宾语,用that(可省略), whether(or not), if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。
表语从句
用that(一般不省略), whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。
同位语从句
用that(常用在news, thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等词后),whether等连接词引导。
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。如:
Who will go isnot important. 谁将去不是重要的。
1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如:
It is a pitythat you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。
It is in themorning that the murder took place. (强调句)谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。
2. 用it作形式主语的结构
句型
例句
1
It is+名词+主语从句
It is a fact that…事实是……/ It is an honor that…非常荣幸……/ It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
2
It is+形容词+主语从句
It is natural that………很自然/ It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… (此句型后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形)
3
It+不及物动词+主语从句
It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎……
4
It is/has been+过去分词+主语从句
It is reported that…据报道……/ It has been proved that…据证实……/ It is said that…据说……/ It is believed that 据认为/一般人都认为……
2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
说明
例句
1
if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首
Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正)
If he will come or not is unknown. (误)
2
It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It is said that Mr. Xi will visit our school next week. (正)
Mr. Xi will visit our school next week is said. (误)
3
It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)
4
It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)
5
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前
Isn’t likely that it will rain in the evening? (正)
Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (误)
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
说明
例句
1
作动词的宾语
由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)
I heard (that) he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
由what, whether/if, when, where等引导的宾语从句
She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我她将接受我的邀请。
2
作介词的宾语
Our success depends on/upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们互相合作得有多好。
3
作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I have made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了个错。
4
It可以作为形式宾语
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她下个月打算结婚。
5
否定前移(若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式)。
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
注意:that引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语,如:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad,proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed,pleased, satisfied, content等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的引导词that一般不省略。另外,常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason is that…”,“It is because…”,“That’s why…”等。如:
The reason he islate for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
说明
例句
1
同位语的功能
(一般由that引导)
对于名词进一步解释
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 国王做出释放那个罪犯的决定让所有人都很吃惊。
说明名词的具体内容
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 所有的士兵都应该保持不动,这个命令是将军下的。
2
同位语从句在句子中的位置
有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,被别的词隔开
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得到消息——运动会被推迟了。
五、whether, if引导名词性从句的区别
说明
例句
1
句首引导主语从句只能用whether
Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否去野营取决于天气。
2
if不能引导表语从句
What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生真正怀疑的是我的母亲是否会很快从重病中恢复。
3
if不能引导介词后的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to. 一切取决于我们能否做出一个他们会同意的计划。
4
宾语从句是否定句只能用if
I asked Peter if he hadn’t decided what he would say at the meeting. 我问皮特他是不是还没决定会议上他讲的内容。
5
discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导
We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effects. 我们讨论了这个药是否会引起副作用。
注意:doubt作“怀疑”解,后接宾语从句时,如主句是肯定的,宾语从句用whether或if引导,如主句是否定,宾语从句只能用that引导。如:
I doubtwhether/if he is fit for the job. 我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。
I don’t doubtthat he can do it very well. 他能把它做好,我不怀疑。
考点练透
1.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about________ she lived.
2.(2020年北京卷)Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you whoenjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it’s possible.
3.(2022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, startedto ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do soremotely.
4.(2022·广东梅州·一模语法填空)Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see ________ wouldmove first. (用适当的词填空)
5.Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’tknow _____ it can lead.
6.They had booked a weeklong trip to Hawaii. Scott hated warm weatherand asked _______ he could just stay at his best friend’s house so that hecould snowboard every day.
7.I looked out the window of the bus and dreamed about________ wewould do while on our trip.
8.I really don’t know _________ she gets by on such a modest salary.
9.Save your apology for _____ you really make everything a mess.
10.That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highwayis ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
11.It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming________ it takes to be a good doctor.
12._____we used to see as something impossible is now becoming areality.
13.All the mistakes I ever made in my life were _______ I wanted to say“No” and said “Yes”.
14.In the opening four sentences, Du described _______ the cycles ofnature happen — the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and thegrass grows tall.
15.She asked me _____________ I had returned the books to thelibrary,and I admitted that I hadn’t.
16.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____________ one canbe entirely free from dust.
17.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not ________ ships are built for.
18.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can’t remember ________.
19.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ________ you had a few days off?
20.I had neither a computer nor newspaper.That’s ________ I don’t knowthe latest news.
21.He will talk to us about ________ he saw in the U. S.
22.We’re worried about ________ he is safe or not.
23.Do you know ________ shirt it is?
24.The truth is ________ she was the very person we are looking for.
25.The idea ______ some people are superior to others is sheernonsense.
26.We haven’t yet settled the question ______ we are going to spend oursummer vacation.
27.People used to hold the belief ______ the earth was the center ofthe universe.
28.Our teacher gave us the suggestion ______ we should do experimentsin a scientific way.
29.We heard the news last night ______ the Queen of England was on afour-day visit in China.
30.I have no idea ______ wine is the best—it’s a matter of personaltaste.
31.The question ______ we should call in a specialist was answered bythe family doctor.
32.The suggestion ______ students should be given more free time iswelcomed by many people.
33.The question ______ will take his place is still not clear.
34.An idea occurred to me ______ I could turn to one of my oldclassmates for help.
35.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________one can beentirely free from dust.
36.Your support is important to our work.________you can do helps.
37.The manager put forward a suggestion________we should have anassistant.There is too much work to do.
38.It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hangon to hope.
39.—I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
40.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
41.We must find out________Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.
42.You have to know________you’re going if you are to plan the best wayof getting there.
43.I truly believe________beauty comes from within.
44.The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop airpollution.
45.________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
46.________Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.
47.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ships are built for.
48.It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves inthe ancient world.
49.I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours heuses.
50.Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it wasprobably around 1565.
51.Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening nowwill repeat itself in the future.
52.________the delayed flight will take off depends much on theweather.
53.As John Lennon once said,life is________happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
54.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s________Iwas born.”
55.“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is ________my mother used to tell me.
56.The best moment for the football star was________he scored thewinning goal.
57.—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame,mum.I am________you have made me.
58.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing________you’re afraid to do.
59.Experts believe________people can waste less food by shopping onlywhen it is necessary.
60.Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
61.It’s good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we’reaway.
62.________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
63.It remains to be seen________the newly formed committee’s policy canbe put into practice.
64.________struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love forhis son.
65.________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
66.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imaginationof the writer.
67.________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have formy parents.
68.From space,the earth looks blue.This is_______about seventy-one percent ofits surface is covered by water.
69.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have totalbelief________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
70.Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell________close you may be to victory.
71.It doesn’t matter________you turn right or left at the crossing—bothroads lead to the park.
72.Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter______youhave lived there for a short or a long time.
73.It is by no means clear________the president can do to end thestrike.
74.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed atbirth,but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
75.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt________he couldhave expressed it differently.
76.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searchedfor________he could find about Mark Twain.
77.We promise________attends the party a chance to have a photo takenwith the movie star.
78.Scientists study________human brains work to make computers.
79.It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in theoffice.
80.I looked out the window of the bus and dreamed about __________ wewould do while on our trip.
81.I really don’t know __________ she gets by on such a modest salary.
82.Save your apology for __________ you really make everything a mess.
83.That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highwayis __________ many office workers spend their weekends.
84.It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming__________ it takes to be a good doctor.
85.__________we used to see as something impossible is now becoming areality.
86.All the mistakes I ever made in my life were __________ I wanted tosay “No” and said “Yes”.
87.In the opening four sentences, Du described __________ the cycles ofnature happen — the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and thegrass grows tall.
88.—Could you give me some advice on getting a job?
—First, find out __________ you like doing best.
89.My mother knew where we were at all times.She knew________ our friends were.
90.I had no idea __________ a stage manager actually did.
91.The problem is __________ we can improve our reading skills in sucha short time.
92.What is concerning us greatly is ________the workers held up in thatarea yesterday will be set free.
93.The practical suggestion came from the representatives ________ thenew rule be adopted.
94.__________ is the most important to him is not his job, but hisfamily.
95.His success in digital field proved __________ it took to be a bestCEO.
96.Built over 2,200 years ago in __________ is now Sichuan Province inSouthwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today.
97.In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is __________you don't speak at all.
98.I’d like to start my own business—that’s __________ I'd do if I hadmoney.
99.Today, people still come and go—to see __________ the Canadian goldrush happened.
100.______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
参考答案:
1.where
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人无法告诉他她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少地点状语,需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
2.if##whether
【解析】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,问问他们你是否可以在可能的时候加入。____ you can join in when it’s possible是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
3.if##whether
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意:为了她的派对,Cobb开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言。分析句子可知,ask sb.sth.,该空引导的从句也是ask的宾语,即宾语从句,宾语从句不缺成分,缺句意“是否”,whether/if意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,符合语境,故填whether/if。
4.who
【解析】
考查名词性从句连接词。句意:当熊和我都在等着看谁先行动,时间好像静止了。would move是从句的谓语动词,see是及物动词,故本空缺少名词从句的连接词,且此连接词作从句的主语,结合句意填who。故填who。
5.where
6.if/whether
7.what
8.how
9.when
10.where
11.what
12.What
13.when
14.how
【解析】
【分析】
考查名词性从句连接词。
5.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它,你不知道它能引向何方。know后面接宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导从句,故填where。
6.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:他们预订了去夏威夷的一周旅行。斯科特讨厌暖和的天气,问他是否可以住在他最好的朋友家里,这样他就可以每天玩滑雪板了。本句为宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,且表示“是否”,故填if/whether。
7.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:我望着窗外的公共汽车,梦想着我们在旅途中会做些什么。此处介词about后面是宾语从句,且从句中谓语动词do是及物动词,故从句中缺少宾语,且表示“什么”,故填what。
8.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:我真不知道她靠这么微薄的工资是怎么生活的。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少方式状语,表示“如何;怎么”,故填how。
9.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:把你的道歉留到当你真的把事情搞得一团糟的时候吧。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少时间状语,故填when。
10.考查表语从句连接词。句意:这个由高速公路连接到市区的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族度周末的地方。本句为表语从句,且从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
11.考查表语从句连接词。句意:人们普遍认为,沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。本句为表语从句,从句中缺少takes的宾语,表示事物,故填what。
12.考查主语从句连接词。句意:我们过去认为不可能的事情现在变成了现实。此处是主语从句,从句中谓语动词see缺少宾语,表示事情,故填What。
13.考查表语从句连接词。句意:在我的人生中所犯的所有错误都是当我想要说“不”,却说了“是”。本句为表语从句,且从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。
14.考查宾语从句连接词。在开头的四句话中,杜描述了自然的循环是如何发生的——树叶回到树上,花儿绽放,草长得很高。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少方式状语,表示“如何,怎样”,故填how。
15.whether
16.that
17.what
18.which
19.why
20.why
21.what
22.whether
23.whose
24.that
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查名词性从句,注意连接词的选择。
15.考查宾语从句。句意:她问我是否把书还给图书馆了,我承认我没还。根据句意可知此处表示“是否”,故填whether。
16.考查表语从句。句意:雨季最美好的事情就是一个人可以彻底地摆脱灰尘。此处为表语从句,从句结构完整,所以用that只起连接作用,无实义,故填that。
17.考查表语从句。句意:停泊在港口里的船是安全的,但那不是造船的目的。此处是表语从句,从句中for缺少宾语,故填what。
18.考查疑问词。句意:布莱克博士要么来自牛津要么来自剑桥,我记不清哪个了。根据前面的either Oxford or Cambridge可只是二者中选一个,故填which。
19.考查表语从句。句意:——上周我开车去珠海看航展。——那就是你请了几天假的原因么?从句中不缺主宾表,缺少原因状语,故填why。
20.考查表语从句。句意:我既没有电脑也没有报纸,这就是我不知道最新消息的原因。从句中不缺主宾表,缺少原因状语,故填why。
21.考查宾语从句。句意:他将和我们谈他在美国看到的情况。此处为宾语从句,about缺少宾语,从句中的saw也缺少宾语,故填what。
22.考查宾语从句。句意:我们担心他是否安全。此处表示“是否”,根据or not判断用whether,故填whether。
23.考查宾语从句。句意:你知道这是谁的衬衫么?宾语从句中缺少定语,故填whose。
24.考查表语从句。句意:事实是她就是我们正在找的人。从句主谓宾齐全,所以用that引导这个表语从句,故填that。
25.that
26.where
27.that
28.that
29.that
30.which
31.whether
32.that
33.who
34.that
【解析】
25.考查同位语从句。句意:有些人比别人优越,这一观点纯粹是胡说八道。______ some people are superior to others是同位语从句,解释说明the idea的内容,从句中不缺少成分,此时应用that引导该从句,故填that。
26.考查同位语从句。句意:我们还没有解决到哪里过暑假的问题。分析句子结构可知,______ we are going to spend our summer vacation是the question的同位语从句,根据句意可知,空出表示“在哪里”,在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
27.考查同位语从句。句意:人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。分析句子结构可知,______ the earth was the center of the universe是the belief的同位语从句,从句不缺成分,意思完整,应用that引导该从句,故填that。
28.考查同位语从句。句意:老师建议我们应该用科学的方法做实验。______ we should do experiments in a scientific way是the suggestion的同位语从句,从句结构完整,应用that引导该从句,故填that。
29.考查同位语从句。句意:我们昨天晚上听到了这个消息,英国女王在中国进行为期四天的访问。分析句子结构可知,______ the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China是the news的同位语从句,解释说明the news的内容,从句不缺成分,应用that引导该从句,故填that。
30.考查同位语从句。句意:我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题。______ wine is the best是同位语从句。根据句意可知,空处表示“哪一种”,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
31.考查同位语从句。句意:关于我们是否应该请一位专家这个问题,家庭医生作出了回答。______ we should call in a specialist是thequestion的同位语从句。根据句意可知,此处表示“是否”,故应用whether引导该从句。注意:if不能引导同位语从句。故填whether。
32.考查同位语从句。句意:应该给予学生更多的自由时间,许多人赞同这一建议。分析句子结构可知,______ students should be given more free time是the suggestion的同位语从句。从句意思完整,不缺少成分,应用that引导该从句。故填that。
33.考查同位语从句。句意:谁将会代替他的位置,这个问题还不清楚。分析句子结构可知,______ will take his place是the question的同位语从句,结合句意可知,空处在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,应用who引导该从句。故填who。
34.考查同位语从句。句意:我突然想起我可以向我的一位老同学求助。分析句子结构可知,______ I could turn to one of my old classmates for help是an idea的同位语从句。该从句结构意思完整,此时应用that引导该从句,故填that。
35.that
36.Whatever
37.that
38.that
39.how
40.what
41.when
42.where
43.that
44.why
45.How
46.Where
47.what
48.what
49.what
50.when
51.whatever
52.When
53.what
54.where
55.what
56.when
57.what
58.what
59.that
60.what
61.that
62.What
63.whether
64.What
65.Whichever
66.What
67.What
68.because
69.that
70.how
71.whether
72.whether
73.what
74.whether
75.that
76.whatever
77.whoever
78.how
79.that
【解析】
35.考查表语从句连词。句意:雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可以看出,本空需要连接词引导表语从句,且连词在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,故用that引导这个从句。故填that。
36.考查主语从句连词。句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你能做些什么来帮助我们。分析句子成分和句意可知,本空需要连接代词引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语,再根据句意可知,此处表示“无论什么”,故用Whatever引导这个主语从句。故填Whatever。
37.考查同位语从句连词。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导同位语从句,解释说明suggestion的具体内容,且从句句意和句子成分完整,故填that。
38.考查主语从句连词。句意:通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。句中It是形式主语,从句中句意完整,不缺少成分,因此用that来引导,且that引导的主语从句后置。故填that。
39.考查宾语从句连词。根据答语“By working out every day.(通过每天锻炼身体)”可知,空格处用how来引导宾语从句,表示方式。故填how。
40.考查宾语从句连词。句意:读着她的自传,我对Doris Lessing在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断,for后接一个宾语从句,而从句中缺少宾语,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填what。
41.考查宾语从句连词。句意:我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,由句意可知,要给Karl订房间,那么就要清楚他来这里的时间。故填when。
42.考查宾语从句的连词。句意:如果你要计划到达那里的最佳路线,你就必须知道你要去哪儿。分析句子结构可知,此处应用where引导宾语从句,根据句意可知,where在从句中作地点状语,意为“在哪”,故填where。
43.考查宾语从句连词。句意:我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知,beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语,是宾语从句,且语意完整。故填that。
44.考查宾语从句连词。句意:该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,根据句意可知,空格处用why引导宾语从句。意为“为什么”,故填why。
45.考查主语从句连词。句意:我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知,we understand things在句中作主语,是主语从句,根据句意可知,此处应用连接副词How表示“怎样”,故填How。
46.考查主语从句连词。分析句子结构可知,空处填连接副词引导主语从句,跟据语境可知,此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑,此处用Where引导主语从句。故填Where。
47.考查表语从句连词。句意:港口里的船是安全的,但那不是建造船的目的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是表语从句,且从句中的介词for缺宾语,故根据语境,此处用what引导表语从句。故填what。
48.考查宾语从句连词。句意:我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。分析句子结构壳子,空处填连接代词引导宾语从句,再结合语境可知,what...was like表示“某事是什么样子的”。故填what。
49.考查名词性从句连词。句意:我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知,think后的宾语从句中含有主语从句和定语从句,主语从句中缺少主语,根据句意可知,这里指物。故填what。
50.考查主语从句连词。句意:土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定,但很可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知,空处填连接副词引导主语从句,结合句意可知,此处应用when引导主语从句,when在从句中作时间状语,意为“什么时候”,故填when。
51.考查宾语从句连词。句意:许多人相信以前已经发生的或者正在发生的任何事情将来都会再次发生。分析句子结构可知,believe后为宾语从句,在宾语从句中, has happened before oris happening now作主语,是主语从句,所填内容在主语从句中作主语,且指任何事物,应用连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
52.考查主语从句连词。句意:那班被延误的航班什么时间将起飞主要取决于天气。根据句子的结构来判断,此处用连接副词引导主语从句,再根据句意,此处表示“什么时间”。故填When。
53.考查表语从句的连词。句意:正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样,当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已悄然发生。分析句子结构可知,此处用连接代词引导表语从句,再结合句意可知,此处应用what在表语从句中作主语。故填what。
54.考查表语从句的连词。句意:奶奶指着那家医院说,“那是我出生的地方。”分析句子结构可知,空处用连接副词引导表语从句,再根据句意可知,where引导表语从句且在句中做地点状语。表示“在哪”,故填where。
55.考查表语从句连词。分析句子结构可知,空格处应用what引导表语从句,且what在从句中作tell 的宾语,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填what。
56.考查表语从句连词。句意:对足球明星来说,最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。分析句子结构可知,he scored the winning goal在句中作表语,是表语从句,根据句意这里应表示“当……时”,故填when。
57.考查宾语从句连词。分析句子结构可知,what引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语补足语,再根据句意可知,此处意为“……样子的人”。故填what。
58.考查宾语从句连词。分析句子结构可知,此处填连接代词引导宾语从句,且从句中缺宾语,故用what在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。
59.考查宾语从句连词。句意:专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物,就会浪费较少的食物。分析句子结构可知,此处填连接代词引导的是宾语从句,且从句中不缺成分,that在从句中不作成分,可以省略。故填that。
60.考查宾语从句连词。句意:警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填what。
61.考查宾语从句连词。分析句子成分可知,空处填连接代词引导宾语从句,且从句不缺句子成分,故填that。
62.考查主语从句连词。句意:你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填What。
63.考查主语从句连词。句意:这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知,It作形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的从句the newly formedcommittee’ s policy can be put into practice;再根据句意可判断,此处表示“是否”,故填whether。
64.考查主语从句连词句意:这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,再结合句意可知,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填What。
65.考查主语从句连词。句意:你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。分析句子结构可知,空处填连接代词引导主语从句,再根据句意可知,空处要用whichever修饰one,指“你们中的任何一个人”。故填Whichever。
66.考查主语从句连词。句意:让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。分析句子的结构可知,空处填连接代词引导主语从句,且在从句中做主语,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导,故填What。
67.考查主语从句连词。句意:我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊重。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导主语从句,且做tell的宾语,再结合句意可知,从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导, 故填What。
68.考查表语从句。句意:从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导表语从句,根据前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知,此处为“前果后因”,故填because。
69.考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处用that引导同位语从句,该从句解释说明belief的具体内容,that在从句中不作成分。故填that。
70.考查宾语从句连词。句意:别让失败的事使你灰心丧气,因为你永远不可能弄清楚你可能离胜利有多近。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,且空处修饰形容词close,再结合句意可知,此处填how表示“多么”,故填how。
71.考查主语从句连词。句意:在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系,两条路都通向公园。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导主语从句,再结合句意可知,whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”故填whether。
72.考查主语从句连词。句意:这个村子里的每个人都很友好。不管你在那里住的时间长或短都没关系。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导主语从句,再结合句意可知,whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”故填whether。
73.考查主语从句连词。句意:总统能做什么来结束罢工,这点完全不清楚。分析句子结构可知,本句中的It是形式主语,真正的主语是从句 the president can do to endthe strike。在从句中,what作do的宾语。故填what。
74.考查主语从句连词。句意:一个人的智力极限,通常来说,在出生时就已经定型了,但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于自己的环境。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导主语从句,根据depend on可知,空处填whether表示“是否”,故填whether。
75.考查宾语从句连词。句意:Jerry不后悔给出评论,但是他觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,且从句中不做成分,故填that。
76.考查宾语从句连词句意:这个新来的人几天前去了图书馆,搜寻他能找到的任何关于马克·吐温的资料。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词引导宾语从句,并且在从句中作find的宾语,指物,根据句意可知,whatever表示“无论什么”,故填whatever。
77.考查宾语从句连词。句意:我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,本句中promise sb.sth.表示“答应某人某事”,再结合结合句意可知,whoever引导宾语从句,该从句作promise的宾语,且whoever在宾语从句中作主语,表示“任何人”。故填whoever。
78.考查宾语从句连词。句意:科学家研究人脑是如何制造计算机的。分析句子结构可知,空处填连词引导宾语从句,再根据句意可知,how引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示方式。故填how。
79.考查主语从句连词。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。根据句意可知,It suddenly occurred to sb.that...表示“某人突然想起……”。It在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填that。
【点睛】
技巧点拨:because和why均可引导表语从句,解题时要弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系——是“前因后果”还是“前果后因”。“前因后果”使用why,“前果后因” 使用because。
80.what
81.how
82.when
83.where
84.what
85.What
86.when
87.how
88.what
89.who/where
90.what
91.how/whether
92.when/whether
93.that
94.What
95.what
96.what
97.when
98.what
99.where
【解析】
80.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:我望着窗外的公共汽车,梦想着我们在旅途中会做些什么。分析句子可知,介词about后面接宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“…的事情(东西)”,故填what。
81.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:我真不知道她靠这么微薄的工资是怎么生活的。分析句子可知,动词know后接宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“如何,怎样”,故填how。
82.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:把你的道歉留到当你真的把事情搞得一团糟的时候吧。分析句子可知,介词for后接宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“时候,时间”,故填when。
83.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。分析句子可知,is后接表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示地点,故填where。
84.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:人们普遍认为,沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中,that无意义且在从句中不作任何成分。“__it takes to be a gooddoctor”是become的表语,为表语从句,从句缺少宾语,表示“…的事情(东西)”,故填what。
85.考查主语从句的引导词。句意:我们过去认为不可能的事情现在变成了现实。分析句子可知,空格处是主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,译为“…的事情(东西)”,故填What。
86.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:在我的人生中所犯的所有错误都是当我想要说“不”,却说了“是”。分析句子可知,were后接表语从句,从句中不缺少成分,表示“时间,时候”,故填when。
87.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:在开头的四句话中,杜描述了自然的循环是如何发生的——树叶回到树上,花儿绽放,草长得很高。分析句子可知,describe后接宾语从句,the leaves come back to thetrees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall.是自然循环的过程,表示“如何,怎样”,故填how。
88.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:——你能给我一些有关找工作的建议吗?——首先要弄清楚你最喜欢做什么。“________ you like doing best”为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且设空处意为“……的事”,故填what。
89.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:我母亲总是知道我们在哪里。她知道我们的朋友是谁/在哪里。根据句意可知,设空处在宾语从句中作表语,且表示“身份或地点”,故填who或where。
90.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:我不知道舞台经理实际做些什么。“________ a stage manager actually did”为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且设空处指“……的事物”,故填what。
91.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:问题是我们如何/是否能在这么短的时间内提升阅读技能。分析句子可知,is的后接表语从句,根据句意可知,填how/whether。
92.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:我们非常关心的是昨天在那个地区滞留的工人们什么时候/是否会被释放。分析句子可知,is的后接表语从句,此处缺表语从句的连接词且从句中不缺少成分,根据句意,故填when/whether。
93.考查同位语从句的引导词。句意:来自代表们的切实可行的建议是:这项新规定应该被采纳。分析句子结构可知,空处为同位语从句,说明suggestion的内容,而该从句意思非常完整,故填that。
94.考查主语从句的引导词。句意:对于他来说最重要的不是他的工作而是他的家庭。分析句子可知,空格处是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,译为“…的事情(东西)”,故填What。
95.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的CEO所需要的条件。proved后接表语从句,因为从句中took缺宾语,且该宾语意为“……的事物(东西)”,故填what。
96.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:2,200多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省,建造的这个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。分析句子结构,in后接宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,意为“……的事物(东西)”,故填what。
97.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:在日本,人们公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。分析句子结构,is后接表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,意为“时候,时刻”,故填when。
98.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:我想自己创业,那是我有钱后要做的事。分析句子结构,is后接表语从句,从句缺少宾语,意为“……的事情”,故用what。
99.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:如今,人们仍然来往这里看加拿大的淘金热在哪里发生的。分析句子结构可知,see后接宾语从句中,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
100.What
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。分析句子结构可知,is前是一个主语从句,从句中need后缺宾语,指物,应用what引导,注意首字母需大写,故填What
参考答案:
A【详解】考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友Wu Fan在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,
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