1. Introduction
介绍
It is crucial for a party, namely the Plaintiff to have a cause of action before he commences an action against the Defendant. A cause of action exists if there is a Plaintiff who can sue, a Defendant who can be sued and there are material facts which entitles the Plaintiff to succeed.
对于原告一方来说，在提告被告人之前必须确定诉讼因由的存在。在一个原告人可以提告，被告人可以被告，且有可让原告人成功的关键事件存在下，诉讼因由就可被断定是存在的。
However, one must take note of the fact that a claim can possibly be dismissed before the case is set for trial, particularly on the preliminary issues. For examples, the limitation period, locus standi, wrong mode of commencing an action, absence of parties and non-compliance of procedural rules.
然而，必须注意的是一次诉讼可能在审讯前就被驳回，尤其是因为审讯前的一些因素。比方说，时效性，诉讼地位，以错误的形式展开诉讼，相关人士缺席，不遵守程序规则。
2. Commencement of action and Pleadings (in brief)
诉讼的开始与诉状 （简要）
i) Endorsement of writ of summon-O6 r 2
传唤令状中的附录- O6 r2
Before a writ is issued, it shall be endorsed with a statement of claim, which shall comply with the requirements of pleadings under Order 18 of Rules of Court 2012 (ROC). The Plaintiff shall serve a statement of claim on the defendant before the expiration of fourteen days after the Defendant enters an appearance.
在发出令状以前，需附上申索陈述书，该书必须遵守在《2012法庭规则》（ROC）第18号命令下对诉状的要求。原告应于被告提呈出庭备忘录后十四日届满前向被告递送申索陈述书
ii) Appearance
出庭
A defendant who wishes to defend himself must enter a memorandum of appearance (O12 r 12) to prevent the judgment in default of appearance to be made against him under O13.
一名欲辩护的被告必须成交一份出庭备忘录 （O12 r12）以避免原告在O13下申请对被告不利的“缺席判决”。
iii) Summary Judgment
简易判决
Summary judgment is available to the Plaintiff if the Defendant has no defense or no other reason for there to be a trial. However, the Defendant may apply to dismiss Plaintiff’s action if there is no statement of claim served on him or the Defendant has not entered appearance.
如果被告没有人和辩护理由或没有其他应当进行审讯的理由，原告可以申请简易判决。然而，被告可以在原告没有递送陈述申索书或原告没有出庭的情况下申请撤销原告的简易判决申请。
iv) Close of pleadings
诉状程序的结束
Pleadings are deemed to be closed 14 days after service of the Reply or, if there is no Reply but only a Defense to Counterclaim, after service of the Defense to Counterclaim. If neither Reply nor a Defense to Counterclaim is served, pleadings are deemed to be closed 14 days after the Defense is served.
诉状程序将在递送答复声明后，或在没有答复声明但只有反诉辩护声明的情况下，递送反诉辩护声明后，的十四天被视为结束。假设没有答复声明或没有反诉辩护声明递送的情况下，诉状程序将在辩护声明递送以后14天结束。
3.Pre-Trial Case Management
审前案件管理
Upon the close of pleadings, the Court will call the parties up for a pre-trial case management which all parties shall compile all their documents and identify the witnesses. The Court will then give direction as to what documents are needed to be filed in court together with the timelines for all fillings. The timeline shall be complied according to a strict timeline unless an extension of time is allowed by court, otherwise it will result in a dismissal of claim.
在诉讼程序管理结束时，法庭会传召各方以进行审前案件管理，各方将汇总文件以及辨认证人。法庭将给与何种文件需要呈交上法庭与呈交时间的指示。呈交时间必须被严格遵守除非法庭允许延长时间，否则将会导致诉讼被撤销。
O34 Rules of Court 2012 (ROC)
O34《2012法庭规则》
Court’s orders and directions for just, expeditious and economical disposal of proceedings
The court may direct the parties to attend a pre-trial case management hearing relating to matters such as settlement, mediation, preparation of bundle of documents, witnesses, mode of giving evidence-in-chief and length and date of trial, at any time before action is tried. The court may also dismiss the action, strike out the defense or counterclaim, or enter judgment, or make such other order as it thinks fit.
法庭为了确保以公正、便捷、经济的方式处理诉讼而下达命令与指示。
法庭将指示各方在审讯之前的任何时候参与审前案件管理的聆讯，聆讯所处理的事务包括和解，调解，准备文件，证人，呈交主要证据的方式，审讯所需的时间以及审讯的日期。法庭也可能撤销诉讼、辩护声明或反诉声明、或下达判决，或其他法庭认为合理的命令。
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