a 1.表同类中任何一个Have you a bike? 2.表”每一“ :We have four English classes a week.
one 1.作数词着重强调数量“一” :What's one and one? 2.表编号：Grade One; Row One
3.强调对比：I have one book,but Mary has three.
★可互换：a fifth=one fifth , in a/one word,more than a/one week
但习语中不能互换：at a time一回，一次； at one time 一度，曾经
about / around / round
about 系常用词, 如: look about 四处看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如: travel around 各处旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around
[英] Winter comes round. [美] Winter comes around.
above all / after all / at all
above all 意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all “毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。
After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。
He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all．他终于失败了。
at all 用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。
He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？
If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。
above / on /over / up
above 在...上方 如：A fly was flying above the table.
* above 还可表职位高于某人，但不一定有隶属关系
A lieutenant commander ranks above Lieutenant. 少校高于上尉
on 在...上，两物体表面接触 There are many dishes on the table.
over 在...的正上方（垂直）There is a lamp (灯）over the table.
over* 可表职位隶属关系，有顶头上司的意味。
Lieutenant Commander Smith is over Lieutenant Black. 史密斯少校是布莱克上尉的上司。
up 在...之上.指由低向高.As they went up the mountain,they had to stop from time to time.
accept / receive
accept 主观上“接受”或“接受条件”
If you accept,please let me know.
Finally he accepted our terms.
receive 客观上“收到”He received an invitation from Dr. Smith for the internal conference.
receive+乐意地=accept eg: I like to receive presents on my birthday.
若表示：接受教育、受到惩罚或支持以及接待客人，只能用receive,
He used to be an illiterate(文盲); later he received some schooling.
accident / incident / event
accident 事故。通常指意外事件，偶发事件。
Twenty people were killed in the railway accident.
It was quite an accident. （这完全是偶然事件。）
incident 事件。尤指非重大事件；它还用以表示引起国际争端或战争等的历史事件。
This is only a common incident.
The Lugouqiao Incident occurred on July 7, 1937.
event 大事件，大记事；比赛项目。
Another earthquake struck Yushu. Thousands of journalists were sent to cover the event.
Which events have you entered for? （你参加了哪几项比赛？）
accuse / charge
都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用。
accuse 不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。
charge 一般指重大过失或罪行，结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有…责任”之意。My father accused me of my being too careless. （父亲责备我太粗心。）
He accused me of neglecting my duty. （他指控我玩忽职守。）
He charged me with neglecting my duty. （同上）
Jimmy was charged with murder. （吉米被控谋杀。）
He was charged with an important task. （他担负有一项重要任务。）
ace / pain
ache 主要指身体某一部分的“疼痛、酸楚”，常用于复合名词，如headache，toothache，stomachache。用作此义时，有时可以与pain换用。Where is the ache / pain？
pain 可用于身心两方面所感受到的痛楚，在指精神方面的痛苦时不能用ache代替。
His unkind remarks caused me a great deal of pain. （他不友善的话让我很伤心。）
Her laziness caused pain to her parents. （她的懒散让她父母很头痛。）
across / through / over
across 从物体表面的一边倒另一边或从一条线穿过，横穿 如：across the street
through 从某物内部穿过 如：go through the room
over “越过，跨过” 如：Can you jump over?
actual / real / true
actual 实际的，现实的。
Could you offer us the actual figures? （您能否为我们提供实际的数字？）
real 真的。与“假的”相对。指物品的外表与实质一致，不是仿造或模型之类的东西。
Give your real name.
Was it a real man you saw or a ghost? （你看到的是真的人还是鬼魂？）
true 真实的，真诚的，真正的。指现实中存在的而不是想象或虚构的东西，多用来修饰抽象名词。I don’t think what he has said is true.
They are true friends.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
Is it true that the plastic model in your shop is as big as a real girl?
(你商店里的塑料模特与真实的女孩一样大是真的吗？)
It’s a true story, based on actual events. (这是个基于现实的真实故事。)
add / add to / add…to / add up to
add 作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物也作不及物动词:作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．
After a short while, he added that he would try his best过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。
add to 意为“增添，增加，增进”。
The bad weather added to our difficulties． 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to 意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。
Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九。
add up to 意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。
All his school education added up to no more than one year．他的学校教育总共不过一年。
advise / suggest
advise 建议，劝说。
I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。)
I advised him to give up smoking. //I advised him not to smoke.
Could you advise us on how to learn English?
Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest 建议，表明，暗示。
We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。）
His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. （他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。）
affair / thing / matter / business
affair 意为“事情、事件”, 复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。He is now in charge of foreign affairs. （他现在负责外交事务。）又如：international affairs 国际事务，family affairs家庭事务，class affairs班级事务。
thing 意为“事情、事物”，不管大小事好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。What are those things on the table?
No such thing. （没那种事。）
Things are getting worse and worse. （情况变得越来越糟。）
matter 侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题；物质（用作不可数名词）。
All matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.
What’s the matter with you?
Don’t worry. It is simply a matter of time.别担心，这只是时间问题。
business “事务/事情”,一般不能用复数,常指所指派的任务/责任;有时指指派的工作或商业活动。Business before pleasure. （先正事，后娱乐。）
Now let’s get down to business. （咱们谈正事吧。）
He went to Shanghai on business.
It’s none of your business. （不关你的事。）
Mind your own business. （少管闲事！）
affect / effect
affect 是动词，意为：影响或感动/染
Hot weather affects his health.
The audience was deeply affected.
effect 作名词时是affect的结果，意为：效果，作用，影响；作动词时意为：招致，出现。
He fell ill from the effect of weather.
The change was effected quickly.这种变化很快就出现了。
afraid / fearful / frightened / terrified
afraid 指一般的害怕或忧虑心情；常接of短语或that 从句。
Don’t be afraid.
The boy was afraid to get close to the dog, for he was afraid of being bitten.
I’m afraid we shall be late for school.
fearful 害怕的，担心的。fear可作动词或名词;作动词可与be afraid通用,但不如be afraid常用。We fear no difficulty.
He feared to speak his mind. （他不敢说出他的想法。）
Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.（担心他会着凉，我出去看他。）
I fear it’s not so. （恐怕不是这样。）
She stood there in fear.
frightened 常指突然且暂时的害怕；后面可接at或of短语。
Although she was frightened, Cage answered with a calm voice.
I was frightened at the sight of the snake.
Jenny said that she was not frightened of ghost(鬼）.
terrified 强调极端恐怖而不知所措；其后也可接at或of
Jack stood terrified as the tiger charged（进攻).
Joe was terrified at the news.
The girl was terrified of being left alone in the room.
after a time / for a time
after a time 意为：一会儿或一段时间，与结束性动词的过去时连用
After a time the teacher went out.
for a time 意为：一会儿或暂时，与持续动词连用，用于完成时、将来时或一般时
We rested for a time and started to do our homework.
a great deal / a great deal of
a great deal 作名词意为“大量”,“许多”;作副词意为“很”或“非常”，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way.经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before．我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of 意为“大量的”，“非常多的”，相当于much，作定语，后接不可数名词。
A great deal of time／money／energy has been spent on the project．
agree on / agree to / agree with / agree that
agree on 作“就……取得一致意见”解。
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. ...建新厂之事达成了协议
agree to 有两层含义和用法：
其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。
My father agreed to buy a new pen for me． 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。
They have a greed to our plan．他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with “同意某人的意见”,其后可跟表人的名词或代词,也可跟表“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。He agreed with my opinions． 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting． 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
agree that 作“认为……”解，其后跟宾语从句。
I agree that your composition is very good． 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
aim / purpose / object
aim 单数时指心中的“目标”，比purpose更具体；复数时指笼统的“目标”或“理想”
What's your aim in life?
He hopes to achieve all his aims by the end of the year.
purpose 指追求的“目的”或达到这一目的的“决心、意志、意图或计划”
Do you think you can accomplish your purpose?
The purpose was to halt(使停止) the rise in the exchange rate of the US dollars.
object 目标。指眼前的目标和努力方向。
The object of my visit is to consult you. （我来找你的目的是要请教你。）
What is your object in studying English？
alike / similar
alike 意指“几乎同样”，常用作表语，不可直接放在名词前面。
Mary and Ann are alike in many ways.
All music is alike to Tom. （各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样。暗指没有鉴赏力。）
similar 指在很多方面相似，但不是全部；be similar to与……相似。
We have similar tastes in music. （我们对音乐有类似的鉴赏力。）
Tom’s voice is very similar to his brother’s.
a little / a bit
用作副词词组时都有“一点儿”的意思，都可以直接修饰形容词或副词。用作形容词词组时，a little可以直接修饰不可数名词，a bit则必须先加介词of，再加不可数名词；not a little与not a bit的意思相反，前者是“非常”的意思，后者则是“一点儿也不”的意思，分别相当于very much和not at all。
I’m feeling a little / a bit nervous.
There is still a little / a bit of water left in the jar. （形容词性）
—Are you feeling hungry? （饿吗？）
—Not a bit, for I’ve just had a rich meal. （不饿，刚吃过大餐。）
—Not a little, it’s high time we had lunch. （很饿，早该吃午餐了。）
He was not a little tired, so he fell asleep the moment his head touched the pillow.
（他很累，所以一躺下就睡着了。）
After climbing the mountain, he was a little / a bit thirsty, but not a bit tired.
（爬山后，他有点渴，但一点也不累。）
all / whole / total
all 所有的。常用于the，that，物主代词或数词之前。修饰可数名词时，指“三个或三个以上都……”；也可用来修饰可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词，指“整个的”。
Will all the girls please stand over there？
All the apples were eaten. （所有的苹果都给吃了。）
All the apple was eaten. （整个苹果都给吃了）
All the milk was drunk. (全部的牛奶都给喝了)
Not all the food was shipped from the south. （并非所有的食物都是从南方运来的。）
whole 整个的，全体的（其前加the或形容词性的物主代词等，修饰单数名词）；整整的（其前常加表示整数的数词，修饰复数名词）；完整的，齐全的，无缺的，无损的。
The whole apple was eaten. （整个苹果都给吃了。）
Five whole apples were eaten. （整整五个苹果都给吃了。）
The dish is still whole for all the shocks. （虽然受了很多震动，盘子依然无损。）
total 完全的，总的。
After that, there came a moment of total silence. （随后一片寂静。）
What are your total debts?
allow / let / permit / promise / admit
allow 重在“允许”或“容许”，也可表示客气的请求。
He allowed me to take his dictionary．他允许我拿走他的词典。
Will you allow me to use your bike？
let 作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不用于被动语态，而allow则相反。Please let me walk with you（＝Please allow me to walk with you）．我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb．to do sth．或allow doing sth．结构中。 permit 物作主语时，后接doing sth；人作主语时，后接to do sth
His work does not permit his going.
Li Lei's parents permit him to play football once a week.
admit 意为：允许某人进入某地或加入某组织
His brother was admitted to a top university las year.
One ticket only permits one person to the exhibition hall.
alone / lone / lonely / lonesome
alone adj/adv. 单独，独自一人。可作表语，不做定语 She lives alone,but she doesn't feel lonely.
lone adj 作定语。指人时“孤独寂寞”之意；指物时“单独一个”
a lone flower in the garden.
The old man is optimistic, he is never a lone old man.
lonely 指人表示“孤独寂寞”，指地方表“荒无人烟”
a lonely old lady/a lonely island
lonesome adj.指“使人感到寂寞孤独”的情绪，可作定语和表语
She is lonesome without the children.
although / though / as
although 用法较正式，语气较强；
though较常用；
as 则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：
状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。
Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act． 他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句 though也可这么用。
Young as／though he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。
注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。
Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages．
though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。
They said they would come; they did not, though． 他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(＝as if)”，不能说even although或as although。
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
altogether / all together / together
altogether adv. 意为：全部，总共 She forgot it altogether.
all together 意为：一起 Don't speak all together.
together 意为：在一起，同时 Talk for hours together. 一连谈了数小时。
aloud / loud / loudly
aloud 出声地（有使能听得到的意味）；高声地（有使远处能听得到的意味）。
Please read the story aloud.
They were shouting aloud.
loud 高声地，大声地，响亮地。常指在说笑等方面。
He was giving his lecture loud enough.
Speak louder.
loudly 高声地。有时可与loud通用，但含有喧闹的意味。
Someone knocked loudly at the door. / I can hardly hear; they are talking loudly.
always / often / frequently / usually
always 永远,总是。与进行式连用时,表“再三地、老是”等意思,有时表示生气或不耐烦等感情色彩。The sun always rises in the east.
The boy is always talking in class. （这孩子老在课堂讲话！）
often 时常，常常。强调经常性。
He often comes here to see me.
Do you often go to the library？
frequently 时常，屡次。与often通用，但是强调次数频繁，相当于very often。
Business frequently brings him to Shanghai. （因商务，他常到上海来。）
He frequently comes here to see her.
usually 通常，往常。强调习惯性。
He usually comes here at seven o’clock.
a moment / the moment
a moment 表示极短的“一会儿”，与介词in,for 连用。
He'll be back in a moment.
the moment "此刻" 或或“那时”的意思，常与at,for连用。还可以引导时间状语从句相当于as soon as, He was busy at the moment.
Please let me konw the moment Mr. Green comes.
among／between
between 常用于两者之间；
among 一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。
The girl walked between her father and mother．这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
She is the tallest among her classmates．她在她同学之间是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany．瑞士位于法、意、奥和德国之间。
amount / number
amount（of）：数量，量。后接不可数名词。
People bought a great amount of food from the market before the Spring Festival.
number（of）：数量。只可接可数名词。
A number of experts attended the conference held in Shanghai yesterday.
angry at ( about )/ angry with
angry at ( about) 后接事或wh-从句
The teacher got angry at /about his words.
The teacher got angry at what he said.
angry with 后接人 Don't angry with him, he didn't do it.
animal / beast / creature
animal：动物。区别于植物而言，是常用词语。
It is an animal of monkey kind.
beast：动物，走兽。通常指四足动物。The tiger is a beast of prey.（老虎是食肉兽。）
creature：生物，生灵。指人时，常带有感情色彩。
Your daughter is a lovely creature. （你女儿是个可爱的小精灵。）
What a cold-blooded creature you are !
Spielberg has made two films about creatures that come to the earth from outer space.
（斯皮尔伯格已拍了两部外星球生物来地球的电影。）
announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。
The government announced that the danger was past.
It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。
He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
（他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”）
declare：宣布，声明。指郑重公开宣布某件事或对...宣战。
The chairman declared the exhibition open. （主席宣布展览会开幕。）
Many countries declared war on/upon Japan during the Second World War.
another / other / others / the other / the others
another 表三个或以上同类人或事物中的另一个。 Look at the difficulty in another way.
the other 表两个同类人或事物中的另一个。I have two dogs. One is black and the other is white.
other other+复数名词=others，表其他的/其余的(人或事物）。
Some people came by car,others(=other people) came on foot.
answer / reply
answer：回答，回应。
“Tom!” No one answered.
Please answer the door-bell. （请去开门。）
No one was able to answer him a word．
reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。
He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
He replied that he would not go．
Not a word did she reply．（她一句话也不应。）
answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。
He made no answer / reply to his questions.
anxious / eager
anxious：渴望的，焦虑的。含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味。
I am anxious about his health; he often works overtime.
The girl is anxious for a new dictionary．
She was anxious to know the result of the exam, as she left at least three questions undone.
（她急着想知道考试结果，因为她至少有三道题没做。）
eager：渴望的，热切的。着重指渴望什么或渴望做什么的热情或迫切心情。
They are eager for success.
He is eager to join the Party.
I was eager to get back to work as soon as possible. （我渴望尽早回来工作。）
anyway / any way
anyway 【美】= any how【英】意为：无论如何 Anyway I must finish the work today.
any way 中的way是名词，意为：用任何方法 I can't open the lock in any way.
appear / look / seem
appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。
This kind of apples appears good, but it tastes sour.这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸
seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。
You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. （你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。）
It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。
What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
It looks like rain. （看来要下雨了。）
argue / debate / dispute / quarrel
argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”,
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久她还是不听。argue about sth, argue with sb.
debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
quarrel 意为：争论，争吵，吵架。It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that.
argue / quarrel / discuss
argue 着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。
We heard them arguing in the other room．我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。
We argued with them about this problem for a long time．这个问题我们同他们辩论久
quarrel 是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss 是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。
arrive 不及物 arrive at+小地方 arrive in +大地方
He arrived in Beijing two days ago.
We arrived at the station at five.
reach 及物，后面直接跟宾语 We reached their house at six yesterday.
get to get to +表地点的名词，get+地点副词
I will write to you when I get to Shanghai.
I'll write to you when I get there.
ask / inquire / question
ask：问（ask sb sth或ask sth of sb）；请求（ask sb to do sth）；要，索取（ask for sth）。
May I ask you some questions?
Why did he ask you to come again?
Did he ask for anything?
inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。I have inquired of him whether he could help me. （我已经问过他能否帮我。）
We must inquire into the matter. （＝look into，我们必须调查此事。）
question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。
At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
I question whether he was once questioned by the police.我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。
as (so) far as / as (so) long as
as（so）far as 的意思是“就…而言（所知）”，as (so) far as sth．is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”；
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