有许多试题，由于同学们对句子结构分析不对，尤其是对句中的逗号判断失误，从而导致一些想当然的错误。本文例举几道典型试题，供同学们参考。
1. if a book is in english, _____ means slow progress for you.
a. as b. which c. what d. that
此题容易误选 a或b，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学，主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选d，逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。同样地，下面几题也应选 that，而不选 which：
(1) if he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
a. as b. which c. what d. that
(2) if you want to go, _______is quite all right with me.
a. that b. which c. and it d. so
(3) when i say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
a. as b. which c. what d. that
(4) if you want a double room , _____ will cost another ￡15.
a. as b. which c. what d. that
(5) if you have the money, _____ will be ok.
a. as b. which c. and it d. that
下例也选 that 而不选 which，其中 that 表示“那”：
unless i’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing!
a. as b. which c. what d. that
2. not far from the school there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
a. its b. whose c. which d. that
此题很容易误选b，许多同学想当然地认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为它没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词（seated 和 playing），但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学会问，其中的 seated 不可用作谓语动词吗？不能。因为seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择b（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择b）。所以此题最佳答案选a。请再看一个类似的例子：
(1) he wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.
a. it b. them c. which d. that
(2) he wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
a. it b. them c. which d. that
第(1)题应选b，而不能选c，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选c，则该从句无谓语；第(2)题应选c，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：
(3) he wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.
a. it b. them c. which d. that
此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选b，则不能选c。
请做做以下三题(答案均为b)：
(1) there i met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.
a. which b. them c. whom d. that
(2) there i met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.
a. which b. whom c. who d. that
(3) there i met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.
a. which b. them c. whom d. that
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
a. it b. as c. that d. what
此题很容易误选 a，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且 it is (well) known to … 也是一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，但是选a错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选 a，空格处填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，但事实上没有。但是若句中的逗号改成 that，则只能选 a，因为这样一来，that 便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是 b，as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地球转一周”。
4. he is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.
a. that b. it c. this d. which
此题容易误选 a，因为 that’s why … 是一个常用表达，同学们极易受此影响而选错，当然若此句的空格前有连词 and 或其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并列句和两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是 d，句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句，which 指 he is always really rude. 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：
(1) he had a lot of friends, none of ______ could lend him any money.
a. whom b. them c. which d. who
(2) he had a lot of friends, but none of ______ could lend him any money.
a. whom b. them c. which d. who
第(1)题选a，none of whom could … 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选b，由于句中有并列连词 but，整个句子为并列句。(from www.nmet168.com)
5. he wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a foreign language.
a. them b. which c. it d. what
同学们看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 b，理由是none前没有并列连词 and 或 but，其实这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是a，注意此句与上面一句有着本质的不同，即此句的 translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以逗号后面其实不是一个完整的句子，而是一个独立结构。假若在 translated 前加一个助动词 was，则此题应选 b(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千万不要想当然，更不要受定势思维的影响。又如：
(1) i met several people there, two of ______ were foreigners.
a. whom b. them c. who d. which
(2) i met several people there, two of ______ being foreigners.
a. whom b. them c. who d. which
第(1)题选a，two of whom were foreigners 为非限制性定语从句；第(2)题选b，two of them being foreigners 不是一个完整的句子，因为句子没有谓语，而只有非谓语动词 being。
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