倒装（INVERSION）
一、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 ——部分倒装：将情态动词、助动词、系动词提到主语前。
1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词， 如：hardly, never, not, not only…but also, little , neither…nor…, not until…,no sooner…than…, seldom ,by no means, in no time, in no case, nowhere, never before(often)等放在句首时。
Never shall I forget it. Never before have I seen such a film.
Not a single mistake did he make. Little does he care about what others think.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started Often did we warn them not to do so.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Never have I seen such a performance.
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Nowhere in the world can there be such a quiet and beautiful place.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room
以否定词开头作部分倒装：
Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
注意：只有当not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构：
Not only you but also I am fond of music。
2. so, neither, nor作部分倒装
把副词 so 放在句首，表示前面所说的情况，也适合于另一人或物。 肯定句用so,否定句用neither/nor, 用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。句式如下： So + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。
Neither (Nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。
He likes rice very much. So do I. Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
I have never been there, and neither has he. If you won't go, neither will I.
注意: So it is/was with sb./It’s the same with sb.
1/ He can speak Chinese and can’t speak Japanese. So it is with his wife.
2/You are a good student and work hard. So it is with Xiao Ming.
3/ You like watching TV. So it is with my brother and me.
区分: so do I/ so I do/I do so
1/---He is a good boy. --- So he is.(强调作用,表确实,的确)
2/She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so.(指代前面提到的同一动作或事情)
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
3. only在句首倒装的情况：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
4. as, though”尽管” 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： 句式：（1） 表语/状语+ as + 主语+ 系动/实动，主句。
（2）动原 +as + 主语+ will/may ， 主句。
①句首名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前：
Child as he is, he knows much English.
Much as he loves his son, he is strict with him.
Try as I might, I still couldn’t work it out.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
5. 其他部分倒装
1) 用于so/such…that句型, so/such置于句首时,要部分倒装
So frightened was he that he didn’t dear to move.
So loudly do the students read their lessons that people can hear them out in the street.
Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy. May you succeed!
Long live the Chinese Communist Party.
3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again.
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating.
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods.
Had I knew it, I wouldn’t have done it.
4） No matter how/However + adj./adv.+主语+ 谓语， 主句。
However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him.
二、倒装句之全部倒装
——完全倒装：将谓语动词直接提到主语前 。
就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于下列几种情况：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词：
Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词：
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装：
Here he comes. Away they went.
3. 1. 把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.
2. 把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
——I don't think I can walk any further.
——_______, let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
4. 用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。注意：主语为代词时，不能全部倒装。
There goes the bell. Look! Here they come.
5. 当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。
Under the table are three white cats.
6. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
(1)形容词+系动词+主语: Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)过去分词+系动词+主语 Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
(3)介词短语+系动词+主语 In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
Present at the party were Mr green and many other guests.
Seated on the ground are a group of young men.
Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”.
7. 有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
8. 在一些表示祝愿的句子里。 Long live the Communist Party of China!
倒装句高考例题
1. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____?（2000年上海）
A. did they B. didn't they C. did it D. didn't it
答案：D
解析：句中that they failed their driving这一同位语增加了思考的难度，若不予考虑，句子结构就显得简单（并消除干扰词语fail），仅留下题干中的the news discouraged him。此外，陈述句中虽有表示含有否定意义的词，但是个带否定前（后）缀的词语，附加疑问句仍需否定形式。句中含有否定意义的词时，看作是否定句，但含有否定前缀的词不算在内。
2. I had finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy.（2000年春招）
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
答案：D
解析：首先当否定词never放在句首时，句子要采用倒装的形式，这就否定了选项B和C。又因为这一动作发生在got the job之前，所以要用过去完成时。
3. _____ can you expect get a pay rise.（2000年春招）
A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
答案：C
解析：句意是：只有努力工作你才有加薪的可能。在四个选项中，只有“only＋状语”放在句首时，才有倒装的可能。
4. Not a single song _____ at yesterday's party.（2000年上海）
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
答案：C
解析：否定词not 在句首，句子部分倒装。
5. So difficult _____ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English.（2001年上海）
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
答案：D
解析：以“so＋形容词/副词”开头的句子要倒装。这句话的意思是“在一个说英语的国家里生活那么困难，我决定学习英语。”
6. I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?（2001年上海）
A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they
答案：C
解析：在附加疑问句中，不论主语还是谓语以及句中的肯定与否定都有一些特殊情况，此题就是考查附加疑问句的一个特例。考题是个主从复合句，主句的语是I，谓语动词是suppose（其他如think，believe，expect这些动词时也按此规则处理），附加疑问句则同从句一致，且不管主句或从句中是肯定还是否定，均用肯定形式。
7. --You forgot your purse when you went out.
--Good heavens, _____.（2002年上海）
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
答案：B
解析：本题所提供的情景Good heavens说明自己在出门时确实忘了带钱包，也就是说“So I did”，表示同意对方观点。
8. Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it.（2002年上海春招）
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
答案：D
解析：not only...but also...引导并列分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装语序形式，后一分句用陈述语序。
