专题20 阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）
1.【2017年内蒙古赤峰市】阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。请将正确答案序号按要求涂在答题卡指定位置。
Lab work is fun but you must be careful. Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson.
LAB RULES
Throughout the lessons
* Do not enter the science lab without the teacher's permission(允许).
* No food or drinks are to be allowed in the science lab.
Before the Experiment
* Read all instructions carefully before every experiment(实验).
* Prepare all apparatus(仪器)and put them in right places so that you will not knock them over while doing the experiment.
During the Experiment
* If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate, ask your teacher for help.
* Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission.
After the Experiment
* Wash all apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were.
* Throw waste materials into proper waste baskets.
First Aid
* Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.
* If you spill any chemicals onto your body or clothing, wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher.
31. You must know the LAB RULES ______ the first lab lessons.
A. before B. since C. during D.after
32. It is necessary for you to ______ before every experiment.
A. read all instructions carefully B. take enough food and drinks
C. smell chemicals immediately D. talk with your classmates.
33. If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus, ______.
A. read the rules carefully B. try them again and again
C. ask your teacher for help D. return all apparatus to the places where they were
34. The underlined word “spill” means ______.
A. 照射 B. 伤害 C.摔下 D.溅出
35. When you are in the science lab, you mustn’t ______.
A. be careful in order to prevent injury B. listen carefully when your teacher explains the rules
C. taste chemicals without the teacher’s permission D. throw waste materials into proper waste baskets
【答案】
31.A
32.A
33.C
34.D
35.C
【解析】
考点：科普类短文阅读。
2.【2017年山东青岛】阅读理解 阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。
Our skin is like a bag that we live in. Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water. Our water is like the water in the sea. It is very salty. Also, like the ocean, we can lose our water. The wind and the sun could take it away. Our bag of skin keeps our body’s ocean from drying up.
Our skin keeps out sunshine. Too much sunshine can hurt us. Skin also keeps out dirt. That’s important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick. Our skin feels things. It feels warm things, cold things, things it touches, and things that hurt it. A campfire feels warm. A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us. A hug is the touch of another person’s skin on our own.
Our hair is a special kind of covering. It helps us keep things out of our eyes, ears and nose. Hair is also good for keeping us warm. When we get goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩), our body hairs stand up. Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket (毯子). Hair keeps animals warm, too.
Some animals have more hair than others, so they have a better blanket for cold weather.
Our nails (指甲) are another special skin which are very hard. They help keep our fingers from
getting hurt. Our nails aren’t as strong as the nails that animals have. But they are good for picking up coins.
1. Our skin is like a bag full of salt.
2. Our skin keeps out dirt and sunshine.
3. Our skin helps us feel things, touch or hurt others.
4. Our hair helps protect our eyes, ears and nose.
5. Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe.
【答案】
16.B
17.A
18.B
19.A
20.A
【解析】
animals have.故选A。
考点：科普类短文阅读。
3.【2017年山东泰安】阅读理解
You don’t need to get in a time-travelling machine to see how technology will change our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Let’s see what’s in store for your future shopping.
Try it on, virtually（虚拟地）. Want to shop online for a new pair of glasses? You don’t need to guess which pair looks best on you—use the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses you’re checking out on a picture of your face. But what about buying something bigger? Thanks to Microsoft Kinect’s action tracking（跟踪）camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the background of your virtual fitting room to improve your shopping experience.
Get a perfect, custom fit. Everyone’s body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan（扫描）your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.
High-tech shopping carts（推车）and checkout counters（收银台）. High-tech shopping carts could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under test. The cart can follow you along the aisles（通道）, controlled only by your movement and your voice.
In the United States, several supermarkets use a certain set called “Scan It” that gives buyers the freedom to scan products on their own while they shop. If we don’t want to wait in line before the checkout counters, we can use Toshiba’s new object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies（辨认）a product as soon as it’s placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code.
57. According to Paragraph 2, the eBay Fashion iPhone app can ______.
A. only make pictures of our faces B. help us sell more clothes online
C. create us a virtual dressing room D. choose suitable glasses for us
58. Which of the following can help get the correct shape of our body?
A. Object Recognition Scanner. B. The eBay Fashion iPhone app.
C. 3D scanning technology. D. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts.
59. What can we infer from this passage?
A. Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.
B. High-tech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarkets
C. “Scan It” cannot be used by buyers themselves.
D. The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.
60. This passage mainly talks about ______.
A. a new time-travelling machine B. the influence of new technology
C. some inventions to change habits D. the ways for future shopping
【答案】
57.D
58.C
59.B
60.D
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了作者通过选购方式，付款方式等为例详细介绍了未来人们可行的购物方式。
考点：科普类短文阅读。
4.【2017年四川成都】阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Animals grow up in different ways. Some newborn animals are helpless but their mothers protect them. A newborn kangaroo is very small. It is only a few centimeters long. It closes its eyes and doesn't have hair. It stays safe in its mother's pouch（育儿袋）for a long time.
A newborn monkey can not walk, Its mother carries it everywhere.
Other baby animals can walk soon after they're born. They learn to run with their mothers when danger is near. A bay zebra can run, an hour after it is born.
Some baby animals are born in a place that is safe. Baby wolves are usually born in big holes with little light. Other baby animals are born in the open.A baby elephant is often born on the open land.
Animals that drink their mothers' milk are called mammals. A mother bear's milk is rich. Baby bears have milk for a few months. This is the same with baby zebras. As baby animals grow, they need solid（固体的）food. Baby lions eat what their mother can catch!
71. According to the passage, many newborn animals need their mothers' help because the babies can't _______.
A. look after themselves B. eat any food C. walk by themselves
72. A newborn monkey's mother carries it everywhere because ______.
A. it is very small B. it can't walk C. it closes its eyes
73. Baby wolves are usually born in a(an) ______ place.
A. open B. bright C. safe
74. Newborn mammals' main food is ________.
A. mother's milk B. solid food C. smaller animals
75. How many kinds of baby animals are mentioned in this passage?
A. Six B. Seven C. Eight
【答案】
71. A
72. B
73. C
74. A
75. B
【解析】
考点：科普类短文阅读。
5.【2017年浙江金华】阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Almost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways of sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!
Almost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.
A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.
Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply with both eyes closed.
Seals breathe air, but that doesn’t stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.
Horses often sleep standing up. Their legs lock in place so they don’t fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.
A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains close to the flamingo’s body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and sleeps) near many other birds to stay safe.
Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for many hours without flapping（拍打）their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.
Would you like to sleep how they sleep?
38. The animals that sleep with half their brains are _______.
A. ducks and seals B. dolphins and ducks C. bats and dolphins D. flamingos and seabirds
39. Horses often stand up when they sleep because _______.
A. they can run from danger quickly B. they are afraid of falling over
C. this helps them to sleep deeply D. it takes them a long time to go to sleep
40. The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.
A. offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill
41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How animals sleep B. Sleep to stay healthy C. Sleep as animals do D. What sleeping animals are like
【答案】
38.B
39.A
40.D
41.A
【解析】
animals的定语，而animals是海豹远离的对象，故可以推测hunt意思是D，故选D。
41.A标题归纳题。根据短文通过作者举例说明了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害而形成的不同的睡眠方式。故选A。
考点：科普类短文阅读。
6.【2017年浙江丽水】阅读理解。阅读下列材料, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.
Think of a simple object—a piece of chalk, for example. Are you remembering its name, its shape, its color or its size? Are you remembering what it is used for, or the sound it makes when the teacher writes on the blackboard? Scientists say that memory includes different parts of the brain, such as language and the ability of sense. They believe that you begin to create a memory when you notice something you’re your senses. Then messages are sent to different brain cells, which join together to form connections. A new connection goes into your short—term memory. It is stored there for about 30 seconds, and then it is either lost or stored in your long—term memory.
Having a good memory means making lots of connections and storing them in your long—term memory. To do this, you need to keep your brain in good shape. Eat plenty of brain food such as fish oil, fruit and vegetables. Laughter also makes your brain more active. Also, don’t forget to exercise. So do some sports or just move around a lot in the house. Finally, get plenty of sleep. This will make your memories grow stronger.
When you want to remember new information, you must pay special attention. Use your senses--sight, smell, hearing and touch-and keep repeating the information. To do well in your exams this year, turn off the TV, silence your mobile, and review your work regularly. To remember something special, use your imagination to create visual(视觉的) connections. For example, you need to take a pencil, an eraser, your ID card and chips to your next exam. Imagine the ID card as the body of an animal, the pencil its long neck, and the eraser its head. Your animal is hungry, so now imagine it eating a bag of chips. It may sound crazy, but its fun and it works. Another way is to do something different to your room. Turn a picture upside-down, or tie a sock around the door handle to remind(提醒)yourself of something to remember!
38. At the beginning, the writer gives an example to _________.
A. lead in the topic of the article B. show the importance of chalk
C. let readers remember the word D. make readers know his favorite
39. How many ways are mentioned to have a good memory in Paragraph 2 ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
40. The main idea of the third paragraph is___________.
A. how to do well in exams B. how to remember new information
C. why to review your work D. what to eat to make memories stronger
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Memory has nothing to do with languages. B. Laughter can help to improve our memory.
C. A picture of eating chips is the most useful. D. Our brain is difficult to keep in good shape.
【答案】
38.A
39.C
40.B
41.B
【解析】
考点：科普类短文阅读。
7.【2017年浙江绍兴】阅读理解。阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you. Companies like Google and Tesla have been designing and testing these cars, and the technology is there.
So how? The cars have sensors（感应器）all around which can find other cars and objects in the road. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems（卫星导航系统）are used so the car knows how to get where you want to go. All you have to do is type in the address! Finally, a central computer system takes in all the information that it receives from the sensors and cameras and works out when to speed up, stop and turn.
Sound like your idea of heaven（天堂）? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film or reading a book while ‘driving’ would be possible with this new technology. You wouldn’t have to worry about remembering directions to where you’re going. In addition, computers would also drive more safely than people — they would obey the rules and have quicker action times when in dangerous situations.
However, there are many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers would have difficulties making ethical（道德的）decisions: if a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn suddenly and potentially kill the car’s passengers? Moreover, I personally find driving fun –I’d miss never driving a car myself. There would also be many other decisions to be made –should children, or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a person with a driving license in the car at all times?
I’m not certain I’d want a driverless car – but it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and popular on our roads.
42. When using a driverless car, you need only .
A. read the road signs carefully B. check the cameras
C. put the address into the computer D. remember the directions
43. The third paragraph mainly tells us about the of driverless cars.
A. instructions B. standards C. advantages D. tests
44. The underlined word “potentially” in Paragraph 4 means “ “.
A. possibly B. successfully C. especially D. naturally
45. What’s the writer’s opinion about future driverless cars?
A. They’ll cause more accidents. B. They’ll be less expensive.
C. They’ll use less energy. D. They’ll run much faster.
【答案】
42. C
43. C
44. A
45. B
【解析】
roads.可知，作者认为无人驾驶的车不会太贵。故选B。
考点：科普类短文。
