中药学横向总结之要药

1.透疹——荆芥、薄荷、牛蒡子、蝉蜕、升麻、葛根、紫草

　　既能透疹又能炒炭止血的药物是                                                    荆芥

　　既能透疹又能疏肝解郁的药物是                                                    薄荷

　　既能透疹又能解毒散肿的药物是                                                  牛蒡子

　　既能透疹又能明目退翳的药物是                                                    蝉蜕

　　既能透疹又能升举阳气的药物是                                                    升麻

　　既能透疹又能生津止渴、升阳止泻的药物是                                  葛根

　　既能透疹又能凉血解毒的药物是                                                    紫草

　　既能透疹又能解毒的药物是                                            牛蒡子、升麻、紫草

　2.通窍——白芷、细辛、辛夷、苍耳子

既能通鼻窍又能消肿排脓的药物是                                                     白芷

既能通鼻窍又能温肺化饮的药物是                                                     细辛

既能通鼻窍又能解表的药物是                                        白芷、细辛、辛夷、苍耳

   3.下乳——关木通、穿山甲

既能下乳又能利尿通淋的药物是                                                      关木通

既能下乳又能活血消癥、消肿排脓的药物是                                   穿山甲

   4.截疟——青蒿、生何首乌、槟榔、常山

既能截疟又能清热解暑的药物是                                                      青蒿

既能截疟又能润肠通便、解毒的药物是生                                       何首乌

既能截疟又能吐痰涎的药物是                                                          常山

既能截疟又能驱虫消积、行气利水的药物是                                   槟榔

  5.清肝明目——羚羊角、熊胆、桑叶、菊花、秦皮、决明子、车前子、石决明、珍珠母

　既能清肝明目又能疏散风热的药物是桑叶、                               菊花

　既能清肝明目又能解表清肺润燥的药物是                                   桑叶

　既能清肝明目又能清热解毒的药物是                                    菊花、羚羊角、熊胆

　既能清肝明目又能清热燥湿止痢止带的药物是                            秦皮

　既能清肝明目又能清热解毒、息风止痉的药物是                         羚羊角、熊胆

　既能清肝明目又能平抑肝阳、息风止痉的药物是                          羚羊角

　既能清肝明目又能润肠通便的药物是                                          决明子

　既能清肝明目又能利尿通淋、清肺化痰的药物是                          车前子

　既能清肝明目又能平肝潜阳的药物是                                          石决明、珍珠母

　既能清肝明目又能平肝潜阳、镇惊安神的药物是                          珍珠母

  6.清虚热——知母、牡丹皮、秦艽、青蒿、地骨皮、胡黄连、鳖甲、银柴胡

　　专清虚热的药物是                                                                 银柴胡

　　既能清虚热又能滋阴润燥的药物是                                        知母

　　既能清虚热又能清热凉血、活血化瘀的药物是                      牡丹皮

　　既能清虚热又能解暑截疟的药物是                                          青蒿

　　既能清虚热又能清肺降火、凉血止血的药物是                        地骨皮

　　既能清虚热又能除疳热、清湿热的药物是                                胡黄连

　　既能清虚热又能祛风湿、清湿热的药物是                                 秦艽

  7.安胎——紫苏、黄芩、砂仁、桑寄生、杜仲、续断、菟丝子、白术、苎麻根、艾叶

  既能安胎又能解表、行气宽中的药物是                                  紫苏

　既能安胎又能清热燥湿的药物是                                           黄芩

　既能安胎又能化湿行气的药物是                                            砂仁

　既能安胎又能补肝肾、强筋骨的药物是                                 桑寄生

既能安胎又能补肝肾、祛风湿、强筋骨的药物是                     桑寄生

 既能安胎又能凉血止血、解毒的药物是                                    黄芩、苎麻根

 既能安胎又能温经止血的药物是                                          艾叶

 既能安胎又能补气、健脾、止汗的药物是                                  白术

 既能安胎又能补肾固精、养肝明目的药物是                                菟丝子

 既能理气又能安胎的药物是                                              车前子                                                                  

  8.开窍——郁金、皂荚、麝香、冰片、蟾蜍、苏合香、石菖蒲、牛黄、远志

  既能开窍又能活血通经的药物是                                                麝香

  既能开窍又能外用清热解毒的药物是                                            冰片

  既能开窍又能宁神化湿和胃的药物是                                            石菖蒲

  既能开窍又能解毒止痛的药物是                                                蟾蜍

  既能开窍又能熄风止痉、清热解毒的药物是                                      牛黄

  既能开窍又能宁心安神、祛痰、消散痈肿的药物是                                远志

   9.杀虫——苦参、贯众、芦荟、牵牛子、花椒、川楝子、苦楝皮、槟榔、百部

  （皂荚、雷公藤、仙鹤草、使君子、南瓜子、鹤草芽、雷丸）

  既能杀虫又能清热解毒、凉血止血的药物是                                      贯众

  既能杀虫又能泻下清肝的药物是                                                芦荟

  既能杀虫又能逐水去积的药物是                                                牵牛子

  既能杀虫又能温中止痛的药物是                                                花椒

  既能杀虫又能疗癣的药物是                                                川楝子、苦楝皮

  既能杀虫又能行气止痛的药物是                                                川楝子

  既能杀虫又能消积行气的药物是                                                槟榔

  既能杀虫又能润肺止咳的药物是                                                百部

         10.润肠通便——郁李仁、火麻仁、桃仁、当归、瓜蒌（仁）、决明子、（苦）杏仁、苏子、肉豆蔻、生首乌、硫黄、柏子仁、知母、虎杖

  既能润肠通便又能利水消肿的药物是                                            郁李仁

  既能润肠通便又能清肝明目的药物是                                            决明子

  既能润肠通便又能活血祛瘀的药物是                                            当归、桃仁

  既能润肠通便又能清热化痰、宽胸散结的药物是                         瓜蒌

  既能润肠通便又能止咳平喘的药物是                                            杏仁、苏子

  既能润肠通便又能补肾阳、益精血的药物是                                 肉苁蓉

  既能润肠通便又能补血调经的药物是                                            当归

  既能润肠通便又能解毒截疟的药物是                                            生首乌

  既能润肠通便又能补阳的药物是                                                肉苁蓉、硫黄

  既能润肠通便又能补血的药物是                                                当归、桃仁

  既能润肠通便又能养心安神的药物是                                            柏子仁

  既能润肠通便又能养阴的药物是                                                麦冬

 

辛温解表、宣肺利尿之要药：                                      麻黄

　　鼻渊头痛之要药：                                                        辛夷

　　治寒饮伏肺之要药：                                                     细辛

　　治项背强痛之要药：                                                     葛根

　　治肝胆疾患及少阳证之要药：                                      柴胡

　　升阳举陷的要药：                                                        升麻

　　治气分实热和肺胃实火之要药：                                  石膏

　　治肝阳眩晕，目珠夜痛及瘰疬肿结之要药：               夏枯草

　　清热凉血养阴生津之要药：                                         生地黄

       治疗一切痈肿疔疮阳证之要药：                                  金银花

       治疗痈肿疔毒之要药：                                                 蚤休                                

　　治湿热火郁、湿热泻痢之要药：                                  黄连

　　治肝经湿热，实火之要药：                                         龙胆草

　　治血热毒盛所致诸证之要药：                                     大青叶

　　治肺痈之要药：                                                            鱼腥草

　　治疗咽喉肿痛的要药：                                                山豆根

　　治疗梅毒的要药：                                                       土茯苓

　　治疗肠痈之要药：                                                        红藤、败酱草

　　治疗阳明腑实证（热结便秘）之要药：                      大黄

　　治肠胃实热内结、燥屎坚硬难下之要药：                  芒硝

　　治疗寒积便秘之要药：                                                巴豆

　　治风寒湿痹肢体拘挛或麻木之要药：                          威灵仙

　　久风顽痹、筋脉拘急及吐泻转筋之要药：                  木瓜

　　治风痹或痹证痛重之要药：                                         徐长卿

　　治风寒湿痹、筋骨软弱或四肢拘挛之要药：              五加皮

       治肝肾亏虚胎动不安之要药：                                     桑寄生

　　芳化湿浊的要药：                                                        藿香

　　治湿阻中焦之要药：                                                    苍术

　　行气消积除胀之要药：                                                厚朴

　　湿热淋证之要药：                                                       瞿麦

　　诸淋涩痛之要药：                                                       海金沙

　　治疗膏淋之要药：                                                       萆解

　　治砂淋、石淋之要药：                                               金钱草

　　治湿热黄疸之要药：                                                   茵陈

　　补火助阳、回阳救逆之要药：                                    附子

　　温中散寒之要药：                                                       干姜

　　治下元虚冷、虚阳上浮诸证之要药：                          肉桂

　　中寒肝逆或肝寒气滞诸痛之要药：                            吴茱萸

　　胃寒呕逆之要药：                                                      丁 香

　　理气健脾、燥湿化痰，为治痰的要药：                     橘皮

　　治胃肠积滞及痰滞胸痞之要药：                                枳实

　　行气调中止痛之要药：                                              木香

　　疏肝理气、调经止痛之要药：                                   香附

       治胸痹之要药：                                                          薤白

       治痰热及胸痹之要药：                                               瓜蒌

 

　　止呃之要药：                                                            柿蒂

　　治油腻肉积之要药：                                                山楂

　　消食运脾之要药：                                                    鸡内金

　　治小儿疳积之要药：                                                使君子

　　治血热妄行之要药：                                                大蓟

　　治水火烫伤之要药：                                                地榆

　　安胎之要药：                                                            苎麻根

　　收敛止血之要药：                                                    白芨

　　温经止血之要药：                                                    炮姜

　　血瘀诸痛之要药：                                                     五灵脂

　　活血行气凉血之要药：                                             郁金

        治烫伤及毒蛇咬伤之要药：                                    虎杖

 

　　治妇科经产病之要药：                                            益母草

       活血调经，凉血消痈，安神，为妇科之要药：         丹参

　　补血活血，调经止痛，为补血调经之要药：            当归

　　补血滋阴，益精填髓，为补血之要药：                    熟地黄

　　补益肝肾之要药：                                                       山茱萸

 

　　活血调经，祛风止痛，为妇科活血调经之要药：     川芎

　　散瘀止痛，接骨疗伤，为伤科接骨续筋之要药：     自然铜

　　活血行气止痛，消肿生肌，为外伤科之要药：          乳香

　　治湿痰寒痰之要药：                                                      半夏

　　治肺胃气逆之要药：                                                      旋复花

　　治新久咳嗽之要药：                                                      百部

　　治疗咳喘之要药：                                                        杏仁

　　治疗“皮里膜外之痰” 之要药：                               白芥子

　　治心火亢盛之心神不安、惊悸失眠之要药：               朱砂

　　治肝阳上亢及目疾之要药：                                          石决明

　　治肝阳、肝风及肝火所致病证之要药：                      羚羊角

　　清热平肝、息风止痉之要药：                                     钩藤

　　治肝阳眩晕之要药：                                                   天麻

　　开窍醒神回苏之要药：                                                麝香、冰片

　　大补元气救脱之要药：                                                人参

　　肺虚咳嗽、肾虚作喘之要药：                                     蛤蚧

　　温补肾阳，补督脉、益精血之要药：                         鹿茸

　　治肾虚腰膝酸痛或筋骨无力之要药：                          杜仲

　　治脾寒泻痛或多涎唾之要药：                                     益智仁

　　眼科外用之要药：                                                        炉甘石

　　拔毒化腐，为外科之要药：                                        升药

　　疥疮之要药：                                                            硫磺