为什么男人普遍短命？

【写在最后】

不婚不育芳龄永继可能有其科学道理，近期的一些研究表明：交配是一种资源损耗，延迟交配居然会增加生物的寿命。一项针对红蜘蛛螨的研究表明：对雌性而言，节食和延迟交配可增加寿命。但对雄性，节食则会缩短寿命。延迟交配并不影响寿命。另一项针对老鼠的研究表明：在生命前期频繁交配而不生育将对雌鼠寿命产生不利影响，而前期生育并不会造成雌鼠寿命显著缩短。

根据世界卫生组织发布的《2019年世界卫生统计》报告，全球范围内女性预期寿命均超过男性。国家卫健委2018年的统计数据显示，我国女性的平均寿命是77.37岁，而男性只有72.38岁，差了整整五岁。目前，我国人均预期寿命提高到77.93岁，估计男性依然拖了后腿。

参考资料：

[1] Hossin M Z. The male disadvantage in life expectancy: can we close the gender gap?[J]. International Health, 2021, 13(5): 482-484.

[2] Oksuzyan A, Juel K, Vaupel J W, et al. Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging[J]. Aging clinical and experimental research, 2008, 20(2): 91-102.

[3] Marais G A B, Gaillard J M, Vieira C, et al. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?[J]. Biology of sex differences, 2018, 9(1): 1-14.

[4] Barrett E L B, Richardson D S. Sex differences in telomeres and lifespan[J]. Aging cell, 2011, 10(6): 913-921.

[5] Ingemarsson I. Gender aspects of preterm birth[J]. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2003, 110: 34-38.

[6] Lemaître J F, Ronget V, Tidière M, et al. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, 117(15): 8546-8553.

[7] Gordon C A, Madamanchi N R, Runge M S, et al. Effect of oxidative stress on telomere maintenance in aortic smooth muscle cells[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2022, 1868(7): 166397.

[8] Tamás V, Kocsor F, Gyuris P, et al. The young male syndrome—An analysis of sex, age, risk taking and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries[J]. Frontiers in neurology, 2019: 366.

[9] Chaplin T M. Gender and emotion expression: A developmental contextual perspective[J]. Emotion Review, 2015, 7(1): 14-21.