学术阅读所指的就是根据阅读来展开相应的理论研究，最少也是使用阅读进行认真思考，探讨一些深入的主题。简单来说，也就是“认真严肃的阅读”，而不是“放松式阅读”或者“为了读而读。
通常我们常见的好阅读者主要有三大特点：
1）头脑思维非常积极活跃，目标十分明确；
2）会针对不同种类的阅读采用相应的阅读方法；
3）有能力使用反思，提问和修订等技巧进行学习。
今天阿伦老师就和大家分享一下最近的一堂托福阅读的硬核技能：学术阅读。
用英语阅读要花很长时间，我得读三四遍才能理解。
当我几年前开始学习英语阅读时，对我来说最具挑战性的部分是词汇。
但我读得越多，我的词汇量就越大。我也学到了我不需要理解文章中的每一个字。
“当我阅读的时候。我不确定哪些信息是重要的，哪些信息不是那么重要。
我试着从上下文中找出单词，并且只在绝对必须的情况下查找单词。
当我阅读时，我会记下重要的几点。当我做笔记时，我会用自己的语言来表达。这有助于我更好地理解阅读文章的内容。
斯坦福大学就有设立阅读课程，其中告诉了我们要反思自己阅读的过程，并且还告知了我们提高阅读体验的方法。
例如Think aloud，就是要在阅读的时候尝试把自己当时的感受和想法都表达出来，说或者写都可以，这样就能够把思考过程外化，让自己慢慢养成习惯，学会读书的同时进行思考。
此外，还有metacognitive markers，使用自己习惯的阅读标记，在阅读的时候将自己的想法记下来，举个例子，用√代表同意，用⊙代表不明白或不同意，用≈代表自己感触很深的地方等。
想要成为一个合格的阅读者也是一件不容易的事情。
第一，阅读要范围广泛，不能只看自己偏爱的类型；
第二，对于自己阅读的目标要十分明确，明白自己选择阅读这本书的原因；
第三，在阅读的过程中也要认真思考，绝对不能简单看过就完事，看完就忘记了。
其实这中间许多问题都是环环相扣的。要是总是呆在自己习惯的舒适区来看书，还没有清晰的目标，这样就不太可能在阅读的时候来思考；同时，反过来，也正是因为不想思考，阅读时会选择自己喜欢的主题内容，并且不会给阅读设定目标。
If you're like me, you like to read popular magazines for fun. Maybe sports magazines, or magazines about celebrities. These kinds of magazines can be helpful when you're learning English. As part of a broad strategy for building your reading skills with an array of English language texts. They're full of engaging topics and interesting opinions expressed in an informal tone. But to be successful on the TOEFL test, you need to read academic texts as part of your preparation strategy.
如果你像我一样，就为了乐趣你会喜欢阅读流行杂志。可能是体育杂志，或者名人杂志。当你学习英语时，这些杂志是很有帮助的。作为培养你对一系列的英语文本阅读技能的广泛策略的一部分，它们充满了引人入胜的话题和用非正式语气表达的有趣观点。但是要想在托福考试中取得成功，你需要把阅读学术文章作为准备策略的一部分。
At any university, you will encounter textbooks and articles on a wide variety of academic subjects. Including the social sciences, the arts, and physical and life sciences. Because these are the kinds of texts you’ll be using in university courses. They're also the kinds of texts you'll see on the TOEFL test.
在任何一所大学，你都会遇到关于各种学科的教科书和文章。包括社会科学，艺术，物理和生命科学。因为这些是你们在大学课程中会用到的文本。它们也是你们在托福考试中会看到的文本。
So, today we're going to look at three key characteristics of academic texts.
First, academic texts generally use formal language. Stylistically, there are probably very few contractions or abbreviations. In terms of vocabulary, the author may use specialized, or infrequently used words. And almost no idioms or slang expressions. Also, the author may use grammar that is not typical of everyday spoken language. Or, text written for non-academic purposes. Such as entertainment. Next, the material is presented in a logical and objective way, that is to say, without personal bias. Based on facts, not feelings. Whereas popular writing often exaggerates and appeals to emotions. Due to its objectivity, the tone may feel impersonal, rather than personal. A popular magazine article, on the other hand, may be written in a way that tries to appeal to your emotions. Maybe it tries to get you to care about whether a contract between a sports team and a particular player will be renewed, for example. Or, maybe it tries to make you upset that a certain celebrity wasn't chosen for a role in an upcoming movie. Textbooks and academic papers generally won't try to appeal to your emotions.
Last, academic texts are conceptually complex. This means the ideas being presented in an academic text may not be straightforward ones. In other words, they may be nuanced, or multidimensional. Not simplistic. And the relationship among those ideas may also be complicated. There may be interconnected parts. These parts may be spread across the text. So the reader may need to draw connections
between individual sentences or across paragraphs.
Additionally, the reader may need to draw inferences, which means, the reader has to
read between the lines. This doesn't necessarily mean academic texts are difficult, it just means that they are not simplistic in their presentation of material.
所以，今天我们来看看学术文本的三个关键特征。
首先，学术文本通常使用正式语言。在文体上，可能很少有缩略语或缩写。在词汇方面，作者可以使用专业词汇，也可以使用不常用的词汇。几乎没有习语或俚语。此外，作者可能会使用非典型的日常口语语法。或为非学术目的而写的文本。比如娱乐。
其次，材料以逻辑和客观的方式呈现，也就是说，没有个人偏见。基于事实，而不是感觉。而流行的写作往往夸大和诉诸情感。由于它的客观性，语气可能会让人觉得没有人情味，而不是个人的。另一方面，一篇受欢迎的杂志文章可能会以一种试图吸引你情感的方式来编写。比如，它可能会让你关心某支球队和某名球员之间的合同是否会续签。或者，它可能试图让你难过，某个名人没有被选为即将上映的电影中的一个角色。教科书和学术论文一般不会试图迎合你的情绪。
最后，学术文本在概念上是复杂的。这意味着在学术论文中提出的观点可能不是直截了当的。换句话说，它们可能是微妙的，或者是多维的。这并不简单。这些观点之间的关系可能也很复杂。可能有相互关联的部分。这些部分可以贯穿全文。因此,读者可能需要绘制单个句子或段落之间的连接。
此外,读者可能需要推断能力,也就是说,读者从字里行间来阅读。这并不一定意味着学术论文很难，只是意味着它们在材料的呈现上并不简单。
So, to review. Academic texts use formal language. They present ideas logically and objectively.And they are conceptually complex. When you practice reading in English, be sure you are reading quality academic texts. They will help you prepare for test day and beyond.
所以，回顾一下。学术文本会使用正式语言。他们会以逻辑清晰、客观的方式表达观点。它们在概念上是复杂的。当你练习阅读英语时，确保你阅读的是高质量的学术文章。他们将帮助你准备考试日和以后的阅读。
Before you begin to read, take a look at the title and the illustration at the beginning of the passage. If there is one.
在你开始阅读之前，如果有的话，先看一下文章开头的标题和插图。
Then, for the text, you can use the technique called skimming. Take a glance at the first few sentences of the first paragraph. These sentences form the introduction and usually give the reader an idea of what is to come.
然后，对于文本，您可以使用一种称为略读的技巧。先看第一段的前几句话。这些句子构成了开头介绍，通常会让读者对将要发生的事情有个概念。
Then take a look at the first sentence of each of the other paragraphs. These sentences often provide information about the main point, or points, in each paragraph. At this stage, you should have an impression of what the main topic of the passage is. As well as an understanding of some of the key ideas to be discussed. You should also have an impression about the author's intent. Is the author explaining a phenomenon, or presenting opposing points of view? What is the main purpose of the text you're reading?
然后看看其他段落的第一句话。这些句子通常在每段中提供关于要点的信息。在这个阶段，你应该对文章的主题有一个印象。以及理解一些将要被讨论的关键思想。你也应该就作者的意图有个印象。是作者解释一个现象,或提出反对的观点吗?
While you skim, pay attention to the structure, or organization of the passage. You may want to take notes in the form of an outline.
你在读这篇文本的主要目的是什么?略读时，要注意文章的结构或组织。你可以用提纲的形式做笔记。
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