2014年3月21日，由伊拉克裔，现居英国的英国建筑师扎哈哈迪德设计的东大门设计广场及公园对外开放。这个如同天外来客的建筑耗资4.5亿美
元。地处韩国首尔市中心，附近有韩国最古老的交易市场，是一个洋溢着民间生活气息的用地。建筑融合韩国天然景观与建筑传统，最后以扎哈式
的流动自然建筑语言体现出来。整个场地有博物馆、展览室、常设服装表演场、设计实验室、创意市场以及东大门历史公园。地下三层，地上四层，
总面积74732平方米。参数化的外立面使用了4万5千多块大小不一的面板。
大东门设计广场（DDP）是韩国第一个在建设中采用三维建筑信息模型（BIM）和其它数字工具的公共项目。在整个设计过程中，每一个建造要求都
视作一系列相互关联的空间关系，决定了项目本身及其周边的社会互动和行为结构。这些关系不仅构成设计的框架，还展现出该项目许多与众不同的
方面，比如空间结构，规划要求和工程技术的融合。
Design and Construction Process
DDP is the first public project in Korea to utilize the 3-Dimensional Building Information Modelling (BIM) and other digital tools in construction.
Throughout the design process, every building requirement was considered as a set of inter-related spatial relationships which will define the
social interactions and behavioural structure in/around the project. These relationships became the framework of the design, defining how
different aspects of the project, such as spatial organization, programmatic requirements, and engineering come together.
通过运用参数建筑信息模型软件和设计计算，我们能不断的进行测试，随时调整设计以满足不同业主的要求，同时满足工程和建筑要求。这些技术
确保原始设计在整个项目建设过程中不改初衷，同时与监理协商一同规范建筑设计过程。参数建筑信息模型不仅提高了工作流程效率，同时帮助设
计师在紧张的工期内做出最明智的设计选择，保证DDP的发展前景。
With parametric building information modelling software and design computation, we were able to continually test and adapt the design to the
ever-evolving client's brief as well as integrate engineering and construction requirements. These technologies helped to maintain the original
design aspiration throughout the project’s construction. It also streamlined the architectural design process and coordination with consultants.
The parametric modelling process not only improved the efficiency of workflow, but also helped to make the most informed design decisions
within a very compressed project period; ensuring DDP’s success throughout life-span.
在建设中，参数模型技术的优点显而易见。数字设计模型在整个设计和建设过程中可以随时调整，以适应额外的场地状况、当地规定、技术要求和
造价控制。除此之外，团队可以有效控制设计方案和各种细节，比传统的建筑过程更加精确，同时业主和承包商也可以对项目有更多的了解和把握。
In construction, the benefits of using the parametric modelling techniques are apparent. The digital design model could be refined at any time
throughout the design and construction to accommodate additional onsite conditions, local regulations, engineering requirements and cost
controls. The team were able to have greater control of the design and details, with much greater precision than a conventional construction
process; giving the client and the contractors a much better understanding and control of the project.
DDP的外表皮就是一个很好的范例。DDP的外部建设是一个挑战，因为围护体系由4万5千多个大小不同、弯曲度不一的面板拼接而成，用人工计算
的方法很难实现，但是，通过参数模型和先进的金属成形与制造工艺，研发出的大规模定制系统就可以解决这个难题。参数模型使设计师能更好的
控制围护系统设计和技术的造价和质量。整个建筑过程中，围护模型在保持原始设计完整性的基础上，实现了各种技术控制、制造控制和造价控制。
The DDP fa?ade cladding system is an exemplary result of such a process. Construction the exterior envelope of DDP was a challenge as the
cladding system consists of over 45,000 panels in various sizes and degrees of curvature. This was made possible by the use of parametric
modelling with an advanced metal-forming and fabrication process to develop a mass-customization system. Parametric modelling enabled the
cladding system to be designed and engineered with much greater cost and quality control. Throughout the construction process, the cladding
model was adjusted to incorporate various engineering, fabrication, and cost controls while maintaining the integrity of the original design.
完工的建筑外表利用视觉错感和多空模式，根据光照条件和季节变化产生动态的视觉效果。随着外界条件的变化展现不同的特点。有时，建筑看起来
绝世而独立，有时又与周围景物融为一体，成为大东门整体环境的一部分。到了夜晚，所有LED灯和霓虹灯被点亮，灯火通明。通过嵌在墙体表面的
灯光的相互作用，建筑看起来动感十足，成为城市里一道独特的风景线。
The completed fa?ade incorporates a field of pixilation and perforation patterns, which creates dynamic visual effect depending on the lighting
conditions and seasonal changes. It will take on different characters as the external condition changes. Sometimes, it will look as a singular
entity; sometimes, it blends with the surrounding landscape as part of the complete ensemble of Dongdaemun. At night, the building will reflect
all the LED lights and neon signs of the surrounding buildings. With the interplay of the built-in fa?ade lighting, the building’s appearance will be
animated and take on the characteristics of its unique urban settings.
设计还满足了业主的愿景，DDP的设计在建筑景观上做到了新旧历史的结合，以古城墙和古文物为中心，是整体构架的中心元素。外部景观将首尔
变成一座绿色都市，表面的镂空与折叠设计展现了建筑革新的一面。DDP俨然成了城市现代文化、历史和自然的重要纽带。
DDP延续了韩国建筑与技术的传统，同时走在了科技的最前沿，体现了设计团队高超的技术和热情，为人们奉上了如此绝妙的建筑。
The client’s vision must be congratulated. The DDP design shows a commitment to preserve the site’s history and integrate the newly
discovered history in an architectural landscape that revolves around the ancient city wall and historical artefacts - which form the central
element of the composition. This external landscape transforms Seoul into a greener city, while voids and folds in its surface offers glimpses into
innovative world of design below; making DDP an important link between the city’s contemporary culture, historic artefacts and emerging nature.
DDP continues Korea’s architectural and engineering traditions at the forefront of technology. DDP is a built demonstration and celebration of the
skills and passion of the team who helped to bring this fantastic building to life.
ARCHITECT:
ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS (ZHA)
DESIGN: Zaha Hadid with Patrik Schumacher
ZHA PROJECT LEADER: Eddie Can Chiu-Fai
ZHA PROJECT MANAGERS: Craig Kiner and Charles Walker
ZHA PROJECT TEAM:
Kaloyan Erevinov, Hooman Talebi, Matthew Wong, Martin Self, Carlos S. Martinez, Camiel Weijenberg, Florian Goscheff, Maaike Hawinkels,
Aditya Chandra, Andy Chang, Arianna Russo, Ayat Fadaifard, Josias Hamid, Shuojiong Zhang, Natalie Koerner, Jae Yoon Lee, Federico Rossi,
John Klein, Chikara Inamura, Alan Lu
ZHA COMPETITION TEAM:
Kaloyan Erevinov, Paloma Gormley, Hee Seung Lee, Kelly Lee, Andres Madrid, Deniz Manisali, Kevin McClellan, Claus Voigtmann, Maurits
Fennis.
LOCAL ARCHITECT:
Samoo Architects & Engineers (Seoul, Korea)
LOCAL CONSULTANTS:
STRUCUTRE: Postech
MECHANICAL: Samoo Mechanical Consulting (SMC)
ELECTICAL AND TELCOM: Samoo TEC
FA?ADE: Mac M&C
CIVIL: Saegil Engineering & Consulting
LANDSCAPE: Dong Sim Won
FIRE: Korean Fire Protection Engineering
LIGHTING: Huel Lighting Design
QUANTITY SURVEY: Kyoung Won
CULTURAL ASSET: Josun
ACOUSTIC: OSD
NOISE / VIBRATION: RMS Technology
ENERGY ANALYTICS: Daeil ENC
MAINTENANCE: Doall CMC
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Soosung Engineering
PLANNING PERMISSION: Sewon P&D
INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS:
STRUCTURE/M.E.P.F. Services/LIGHTING/ACOUSTIC: ARUP Engineers (London, U.K.)
LANDSCAPE: Gross Max (Edinburgh, U.K.)
FA?ADE: Group 5F (Basel,Switzerland)
GEOMETRY: Evolute (Vennia, Austria)
QUANTITY SURVEY: Davis Langdon & Everest (London, U.K.)
Building Dimensions:
Site Area 62,692m2
Construction Floor Area 86,574 m2
General Building Dimensions 188m (W) X 280 (L) X 34 m (H)
Floor Levels Above ground: 4 Levels
Underground: 3 Levels
Design Park Area 38,000 m2
Project in figures
Fa?ade Cladding Surface Area 30,000 m2
Fa?ade Cladding Panel Number 45,133 pieces (50% double curved; 30% single curved; 20% cold-bended and flat)
Materials (Exterior) Fair-faced Concrete, Aluminum, Steel, and Stone
Materials (Interior) Glass fiber Reinforce Gypsum, Acoustic Gypsum, Solid Acrylic Panel, Stainless Steel, and polished stone.
Main Steel Structural Span Central Span - 50m
Fa?ade Structure Double layer space frame and single layer rigid frame
Surface Area of Exposed Concrete 21,000 m2
Building Programme
Art Halls Art Hall #1: 1,600 m2
Convention Hall #2: 3,000 m2
Conference Hall 420 m2
Learning Centre Design Museum #1: 1,200 m2
Design Exhibition Hal #2: 1,500 m2
Design Pathway: 3,400 m2 (550 m in length)
Academy Hall/Education Centre 1,900 m2
Design Lab
2 Floors - 6,200 m2
Designers Lounge 570 m2
Design Offices 1,100 m2
Design Cultural Park (Event Hall, Sport Memorial, Relic Museum, and Design Gallery) 1,900 m2
Design Market 8,000 m2
Project Construction
Architectural Design Zaha Hadid Architects
Local Design Institute Samoo Architects & Engineers
Project Management (On Behalf of the City Government) Kuwon Engineering,
Heerim Architects & Engineers
GTS
Site supervision Zaha Hadid Architects
Samoo Architects & Engineers
Contractor Samsung Construction
Timeline:
June 2007 Dongdaemun Design Park and Plaza International Architecture competition
August.2007 Announcement of the International Architectural Competition: Zaha Hadid
October 2007 Commencement of Schematic Design
December 2008 Completion of Construction Document
April. 2009 Ground-Breaking Ceremony
October 2009 Dongdaemun History and Culture Park opened
November 2009 Commencement of Dongdaemun Design Plaza Construction
February 2010 Commencement of Interior Schematic Design
July 2010 Completion of Interior Construction Document
November 2013 Completion of Dongdaemun Design Plaza Construction
December 2013 Commencement of DDP Interior Construction
March 2014 Completion of DDP Interior Construction
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