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英语代词的用法全归纳

英语代词的用法全归纳

一、定义与分类

代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。

二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述

这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。

物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。

这三种代词的形式变化表如下:

人称

单复数

 

 

形容词性

物主代词

名词性

物主代词

反身代词

第一

人称

 

I

me

my

mine

myself

 

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

第二

人称

 

you

you

your

yours

yourself

 

you

you

your

yours

yourselves

第三

人称

 

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

itself

 

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

三、人称代词的用法

1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。

如:I am astudent.     Tom is a boy, and heis a student.

Mary is very pretty, and she likessinging.

The boys are students, and they arein the room.

The doy is small. It is Tom's.

2) 人称代词的句法功能

A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语

B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语

: Ilike music(主语).           She is a teacher.(主语)

She and I aregood friends(主语).

Neither she nor I am student.

——I saw theboys this morning.

——Are you sureit was they(表语)?

It might have been she.

C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。

如:I saw himat the party(宾语).

I haven't seen them recently.(宾语)

I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)

=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)

注意:

a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。

如:It can't behe/him.

——Is this Mr.Green?

——Yes, this ishe/him.

b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。

如:

He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。

You know more than she/her.

She is as tall as me (I am).

c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如:

“I like English.” “Me too=I like Englishtoo.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。

——Who did it?

——Them.(=Theydid it)

人称代词的易错点

请看看下面这道题:

To save class time, our teacher has_________ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the otherhalf for our homework.

A. us  B. we   C. our   D. ours

此题答案选A

易错点一  忽略人称代词后接名词作同位语的用法

1. It’s necessary for _________ students tobe constantly reminded of our shortcomings.

A. us      B. we     C. our      D. ours

2. The boss wants _________ girls to go tothe airport to pick up the company’s guests.

A. you      B. your         C. yours       D. yourself

易错点二  忽略人称代词在口语中的特殊用法和固定表达

口语中表示“我也一样”时,可用me too;表示“我也一样不……”时,可用me eitherme neither。如:

Id like to go back in here. 我想回到这里来。

Me too. 我也想。

I dont like horror movies. 我不喜欢恐怖片。

Me neither. 我也不喜欢。

I dont have any money right now. 我现在没有一分钱。

Me either. 我也一样。

类似地,若要表示“我们也一样”,则可用us too。如:

Im glad its Friday. 我很高兴今天是星期五。

Us too! 我们也高兴!

I don’t feellike going out this evening.

Me neither.

A. Me too         B. Me also      C. Me other       D. Me neither.

注:单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。如:

I likeEnglish.” “Me too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”

易错点三  忽略人称代词与名词性物主代词的细节区别

请看下面几道题:

1. —Whose telephone rang?

_________.

A. Me was          B. Me did         C. Mine was    D. Mine did

答案选D

2. _________ a partnership based on mutualrespect, trust and understanding.

A. They were          B. They being          C. Theirs was          D. Theirs being

答案选C

易错点四  忽略人称代词与关系代词的区别

1. Last week, only two people came to lookat the house, _________ wanted to buy it. (安徽卷)

A. none of them       B. both of them       C. none of whom      D. neither of whom

答案选D

2. It is reported that two schools,_________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.

A. they both            B. which both            C. both of them       D. both of which

答案选D

(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of_________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it          B. them         C. which          D. that

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of_________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it             B. them             C. which                 D. that

三、物主代词的用法

英语代词用法详解·物主代词

 1. 两种物主代词

物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词就相当于一个形容词,在句子中只能做句子的定语,对名词进行修饰和限制;而名词性物主代词则相当于一个名词,在句子中可做主语、宾语、和表语。形式如下表:

人称

单复数

形容词性

物主代词

名词性

物主代词

第一

人称

 

my

mine

 

our

ours

第二

人称

 

your

yours

 

your

yours

第三

人称

 

his

his

her

hers

its

 

their

theirs

2. 物主代词用法

1)名词性物主代词

A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。

如:The umbrellais mine.

He likes my pen. He doesn’t like hers.

B)  名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

 为避免重复使用名词,有时可用名词性物主代词来代替形容词性物主代词+名词的形式。

  如:My bag is yellow, her bag is red,his bag is blue and your bag is pink.

  为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red,his is blue and yours is pink.

C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构.

如: Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.

     His cap 意为 The cap is his.

D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)=one of my friends;但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her,him, them)

如:

Your English is better than my English. =Your English is better than mine. 你的英语比我的英语好。

(2) 有时,汉语中用物主代词,而英语中却要用定冠词。如:

He hit her in the face. 他打在她的脸上。(其中的 the 不宜改为 her)

(3) 英语中有许多习惯用语要用物主代词。如:

do ones best 尽力                                  try ones best 尽力

earn ones bread 维持生活                       holdones breath 屏息

eat ones words 收回前言                        in ones best 穿着节日盛装

注:有的习语用不用物主代词均可,且意义相同,如 save (ones) face(挽回面子);而有的习语用不用物主代词均可,但意义不同,如 lose heart(灰心) lose ones heart(倾心于)

3、物主代词与own 连用

1)为了强调,有时可在物主代词后加上own一词。如:

Mind your own business. 别管闲事。

I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。

She had made her own tragedy. 她造成了自己的悲剧。

Her private morality is her own business. 她的个人品德是她自己的事。

Im a human being. I can stand on my own feet. 我是人,我可以自立。

He referred his wealth to his own hardwork. 他把他的致富归功于他辛勤的工作。

I feel that I knew about the value of myown work. 我感觉我了解我自己工作的价值。

2ones own的用法

有可用 of ones own 置于名词后作定语。特别强调所有关系时,可以在任何所有格形容词 (而不是代词) 后面加上own。这样构成的词组可以起所有格形容词 (my own room) 或所有格代词 (it is my own) 的作用。我们还经常用a / an+名词+of ones own来代替ones own+名词。如:

We have no children of our own. 我们没有自己的孩子。

I wish I had a little lab of my own. 但愿我有自己的一间小实验室。

We would be glad to have money of our own. 我们愿意有自己的钱。

These professors had opinions of their own.这些教授们有合己的看法。

I hope to have a room of my own. / I hopeto have my own house. 我希望有自己的房子。

Our cat has its own corner / a corner ofits own in this room. 我们的小猫在这个房间里有它自己的一角。

如再进一步强调则可加上very

Id love to have my very own room / a room of my very own. 我喜欢有一个完全属于我自己的房间。

我们可以说ones own room或者a room of ones own, 但我们不能用one (my) own之后的支撑词。如:

别用我的梳子,用你自己的。

正:Dont use my comb. Use your own.

误:Dont use my comb. Use your own one.

四、反身代词的用法

1. 反身代词的形式

反身代词用于指代某人或某物自己。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self / selves”构成;第三人称反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + self / selves”构成。见下表:

 

单数

复数

第一人称

myself

ourselves

第二人称

yourself

yourselves

第三人称

himself / herself /itself

themselves

反身代词的用法

 1. 作动词或介词的宾语:经常在enjoy, teach, hurt,buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如:

He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。

She was talking to herself.她自言自语。

He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。

2. 作主语或宾语的同位语:主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如:

Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)

The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)

Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗?(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)

3. 作表语:在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如:

Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。

I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。

4. 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如:

Help yourself! 请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧!

Make yourself at home! 别客气!

Dont upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼!

Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。

构成习语

for oneself ()自己,独自       to oneself 对自己

say to oneself 心里想              talk / speak to oneself  自言自语

come to oneself 苏醒过来          absent oneself  缺席

beside oneself   失常,若狂       by oneself 独自地,单独地

of oneself 独自,自发地

5. 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(as...as)

My brother and myself went there yesterday.昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。

Jims sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。

He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。

 

五、相互代词的用法

相互代词的用法归纳

一、相互代词的形式与用法

英语的相互代词只有eachotherone another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:

each other

We dont see much of each other. 我们不常见面。

We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

We may never see each other again. 我们可能永远不会再见。

They soon fell in love with each other. 他们不久就互相爱上了。

The sea and the sky seem to melt into eachother. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。

one another

They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)

You look as though you know one another. 你们看起来像是互相认识。

They were very pleased with one another. 他们相互很喜欢。

二、使用相互代词注意点

1. 相互代词在句中通常只用作宾语,不可用作主语,所以以相互代词为宾语的句子不能变为被动语态。

2. 不要将相互代词误认为是副词,将其用作状语,如可说 talk to each other,但不能说 talk each other

3. 相互代词可以有所有格形式:(each other’s, one another’s)

The students borrowed each others notes. 学生们互相借笔记。

They often stay in one anothers houses. 他们常常在彼此家里住。

I hope that you all enjoy each others company. 我希望你们在一起过得愉快。

I hope that you all enjoy each others company. 我希望你们在一起过得愉快。

They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。

Theyll sit h hours looking into each others (one anothers) eyes. 他们有时对坐几小时望着彼此的眼睛。

4. 有时可分开用:

We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道对方的想法。

Each tried to persuade the other to stay athome. 每个人都设法想说服对方留在家里。

5. 有人认为,each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中两者常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)

六、指示代词的用法

一、指示代词概说

在英语中表示“这(),那()”的代词叫指示代词,它们主要包括this, these, that,those 四个。见下表:

 

单数

复数

 

this

these

 

that

those

1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

              单数            复数

  限定词:Thisgirl is Mary.  Those menare myteachers.

 词:This isMary.      Those are my teachers.

2)指示代词的句法功能

它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。一般说来,this, these表“近指”,,而that, those则“远指”。

This is mybook.(主语)

I want that.(宾语)

My book is that.(表语)

I like that dress.(定语)

二、指示代词的考点:

1.指示代词的替代用法:

1. 为避免重复,可用 that those 代替前面提到的名词。如:

The playground of this school is biggerthan that of that school.(that=the playground)

My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。

The population of China is much larger that that of Japan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that= the population)

His views are close to those of theSocialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those= the views)

My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。

A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

The weather of Beijingis just as cold as that of Lanzhou, but colderthan that of Shanghai.北京的气候和兰州一样冷,但比上海冷。

A dogs intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。

The dialect in one town may he quitedifferent from that of the next town. 一个城镇的方言可能与另一个城镇很不相同。

Waves of red light are about twice as longas those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。

2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用thisthat,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this。如:

She married Jim, and this [that] surprisedme. 她嫁给了吉姆,这使我感到很吃惊。

——She is abeautiful girl.

——Who saidthat?

I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?

He was nearlydrowned once.

When was________?

________wasin 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that;It              B. this; This C. this;It        D. that; This

3)指示代词用作主语和定语时,可指人或物;用作宾语和表语时,只指物。而且只有thatthose后面可以跟定语从句,而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。this these两个指示代词习惯上不接定语从句。

如:(对)That ismy teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

  (对)He isgoing to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

  (错)He isgoing to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

  (对)I boughtthis. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

    He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

   (错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)

   (对)He admired that which lookedbeautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

一般说来,that后接which引导的定语从句,those后接who引导的定语从句。

1)、注意those who的用法

those who中的who为关系代词,用以引导定语从句,其意为“……的那些人”。如:

Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。

We kept seats for those who might arrivelate. 我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。

2)、注意thatwhich的用法

that which中的which为关系代词,用以引导定语从句,其意为“……的事或物”,这是一种比较正式的用法,它通常可以用what代之。如:

That which (=What) many people say is notalways true. 很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。

That which (=What) I say and do is my ownaffair. 我说什么做什么是我自己的事。

They say the only real knowledge is thatwhich can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。

2.指示代词的电话指代

在打电话时,通常用 this指自己,用that指对方:不用Iyou

Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?

Whos that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是玛丽。”

3.可用作副词

除用作代词外,this that 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,意为这么那么,相当于 so

如:

I've done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。

Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?

Is the problem that easy? 问题有那么简单吗?

The fish I caught was this big. 我捕到的那条鱼有这么大。

It isnt all that cold. 还没冷到那种程度。

Its about this high. 约摸这样高。

Is it this hot every day? 每天都这样热吗?

I didnt think it would be this easy. 我没想到会这样容易。

I didnt realize she was that ill. 我没想到她病得那么重。

The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。

When you pay that much for a meal youexpect the best. 一顿饭花那么多钱是想吃到最好的东西。

4.两个区别:

1注意区分指示代词与形式主语(宾语)

对于选项中既有指示代词也有形式主语或形式宾语的考题,这样考虑:若要选形式主语或形式宾语,那么一定能从句中找到真正的主语(如动名词、不定式、从句等),否则就考虑选用指示代词。

1. _________ felt funny watching myself onTV. (全国II)

A. One          B. This         C. It          D. That

2. He didnt make _________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津卷)

A. this         B. that           C. it         D. these

2注意区分指示代词与关系代词

对于选项中既有指示代词又有关系代词的考题,这样考虑:若两个句子间有连词(尤其是并列连词andbut)连接,则应考试用指示代词,否则就应考虑使用关系代词。

1. He is always really rude, _________ iswhy people tend to avoid him.

A. that           B. it            C. this           D. which

2. Tom’s mother always told him not tosmoke again, but _________ didn’t help.

A. he               B.it               C. which             D. as

5. thisthat的习语

with this 说完这些话                     that is to say 也就是说

at this 一看到或听到                      Thats all right 不用谢,没关系

this and that 各式各样的                   this way and that 踌躇不决

for all this 尽管如此                      this way这样

in this way 用这中方法                    not that 并不是说

now that 既然                           that is 即,也,那就是

that rings the bell 答对了                   that is it 对啦

that will do 够了,行了

He will be in Paris this day next week. 下个星期的今天他将在巴黎了。

He will come here this day next month. 他将在下个月的今天来这儿。

 

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