英语口语语法和书面语法不大一样,是学习者容易忽视和感到困惑的地方。一起来看看下面五个语法要点吧。
1
口语中的句子结构
It’s difficult, the exam.
非正式口语中的语法在某些方面与书面语法不同。句子通常不那么复杂,使用的连词种类更少,也更简单。
【正式的书面语】
While the hotel was of quite a high standard, the food was disappointing.
【非正式的口语】
The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.
信息经常可以分开,以一条一条的形式呈现——句子并非总是遵循主语—谓语—宾语的语序。
The woman across the road, her brother, well, I was talking to him, and he said…
They work very hard, the students.
2
省略句子开头
Must dash.
在非正式口语中,经常省略非重读的句子开头。省略的主要是冠词、物主代词、人称代词、助动词和be动词、指示词和引导性的there is句型。
Car’s running badly. (=The car’s…)
Shoelace is undone. (=My shoelace…)
Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He’s forgotten…)
You talking to me? (=Are you talking…?)
She ready? (=Is she ready?)
Must dash. (=I must dash.)
Won’t work. (=It won’t work)
Be four pounds fifty. (=That’ll be…)
No reason to panic. (= There’s no reason…)
3
省略助动词后的词语
“Get up!” “I am!”
在非正式口语中,经常只用助动词,而不重复较长的表达。
—Get up!
—I am. (=I am getting up.)
He said he’d write to me, but he hasn’t. (=…he hasn’t written to me.)
—Talk louder.
—I would if I could, but I can’t.
如果没有可重复的助动词,则用 do。
She said she would phone, and she did.
4
附加疑问句
It’s cold, isn’t it?
在口语或非正式书面语中,附加疑问句(question tag)常用于句尾,用于确认某事是否属实,或征求对方同意。
You haven’t seen Joe, have you?
This tea isn’t very nice, is it?
否定的附加疑问句通常用缩写形式,如 isn’t it(通常不说“is it not?”)。在附加疑问句中,am I not 的缩写形式是“aren’t I?”。
Nice day, isn’t it?
I’m late, aren’t I?
5
答语疑问句
答语疑问句(reply question)的构成为助动词+代词(与附加疑问句类似),表达关注、兴趣或惊奇。
—We had a lovely holiday.
—Did you?
—Yes, we went…
—John likes that girl next door.
—Oh, does he?
—It was a terrible party.
—Was it?
—Yes,…
用否定的答语疑问句来回答肯定句,表示加强赞同的语气。
—It was a lovely concert.
—Yes, wasn’t it! I did enjoy it.
—She’s lost a lot of weight.
—Yes, hasn’t she?
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