摘要
前庭系统的双侧解剖组织提供三种功能优势：精确地分辨头部运动和定位，单侧外周神经末梢区域出现功能障碍的感官替代，末梢区域或中枢的前庭功能失衡的集中补偿。该结构以双侧上行和下行路径为基础，并且至少有四个交叉：3个在脑干，1个在皮层。其感觉运动功能可细分为三个主要的组：（1）在脑干/小脑水平在三个空间平面（偏航，俯仰，滚动）反馈式控制凝视，头，以及身体；（2）在皮层/皮层下水平有感知自主运动，控制随意运动以及平衡感；（3）更高的前庭认知功能（如，空间记忆和导航）。在多个多感知皮层区域中的双侧前庭系统的解剖呈现以及非优势脑半球的前庭控制衍生出了一个问题：在空间中，完全的运动和定位感知是怎样形成的。
The bilateral central vestibular system: itspathways, functions, and disorders.
DieterichM1, BrandtT.
Abstract
The bilateral an atomical organization of the vestibular system provides three functional advantages:optimal differentiation of head motion and orientation,sensory substitution of a unilateral peripheral failure,and central compensation of a peripheral or central vestibular tone imbalance.The structure is based onbilaterally ascending and descending pathways and at least four crossings:three in the brain stem and one in the cortex.The resulting sensorimotor functions can besubdivided into three major groups: (1)reflexive control of gaze, head, and body in three spatial planes (yaw, pitch,roll) at the brain stem/cerebellar level; (2) perception of self-motion and control of voluntary movement and balance at thecortical/subcortical level; and (3)higher vestibular cognitive functions (e.g.,spatial memory and navigation). The bilateral representation of the vestibular system in multiple multisensory cortical areas and the vestibular dominance of the nondominant hemisphere raise the question of how one global percept of motion and orientation in space is formed.
文献来源：Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12585. [Epub ahead of print]
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