图 急性心衰诊断流程[5](注:BNP为B型利钠肽;MR-proANP为心房利钠肽原中间段;NT-proBNP为N末端B型利钠肽原)总 结心衰是21世纪最重要的心血管疾病之一,其死亡率与癌症相当。近年来,临床对心衰认识不断加深、治疗观念逐渐转变、治疗手段也得以创新。期望本次更新后的心衰指南能进一步推动临床心衰标准化诊疗管理的实践,进一步降低患者的住院病死率,进而改善远期预后。参考文献:[1]Wang H, Chai K, Du M, et al. Prevalence and Incidence of Heart Failure Among Urban Patients in China: A National Population-Based Analysis. Circ Heart Fail. 2021;14(10):e008406.[2]国家心血管病医疗质量控制中心专家委员会心力衰竭专家工作组.2020中国心力衰竭医疗质量控制报告[J].中国循环杂志, 2021.[3]Li Y, Sun XL, Qiu H, et al. Long-term outcomes and independent predictors of mortality in patients presenting to emergency departments with acute heart failure in Beijing: a multicenter cohort study with a 5-year follow-up. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(15):1803-1811. Published 2021 Jun 30.[4]Huang J, Yin H, Zhang M, Ni Q, Xuan J. Understanding the economic burden of heart failure in China: impact on disease management and resource utilization. J Med Econ. 2017;20(5):549-553.[5]国家心血管病中心, 国家心血管病专家委员会心力衰竭专业委员会, 中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会, 等 . 国家心力衰竭指南 2023(精简版)[J]. 中华心力衰竭和心肌病杂志, 2023, 7(3): 145-178.[6]中华医学会心血管病学分会心力衰竭学组, 中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2018 [J] . 中华心血管病杂志,2018,46 (10): 760-789.[7]McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(37):3627-3639.[8]McMurray John J V et al. A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA-HF)[J].European journal of heart failure, 2019, 21(5): 665-675.[9]Packer M, et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure[J]. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 8;383(15):1413-1424.[10]Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Claggett B, et al. Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(12):1089-1098.[11]Anker SD, et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction[J].N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 14;385(16):1451-1461.[12]Rees OL, Wheen P, Anderson LJ. Updates in heart failure. Clin Med (Lond). 2023;23(5):432-436.